Rob Parsons -Promote Not Promote

This report presents an independent analysis addressing the insights for important management issues associated with performance appraisal and performance management in the Capital Market Services of Morgan Stanley. The analysis will be focused on identifying the major problems, analyzing the situations, and making feasible and thorough recommendations for the board of Morgan Stanley to improve the existing situations. 2. Problem Statements. Rob Parson was a star producer in the Capital Market Services Department who had been recruited from a competitor two years ago and had generated substantial revenues since joining the firm.I would like to address more specific and surface problems for this situation as follows: 2. 1 Problem 1 -Rob Parson's Performing Issues. Parson's success at generating business was offset by performance reviews from internal co-workers that painted him as a poor fit in the firm's collaborative culture. Parson's performance issues had been making his two immed iate supervisors, Paul Nasr, the senior managing director in early 1996 and Gary Stuart, the just promoted managing director in early 1997 faced the dilemma whether to promote Rob Parson as managing director. 2. Problem 2 -Rob as Irreplaceable Staff. Stuart felt certain that Parson would leave the firm if he was not promoted in 1997. This would mean losing a valuable employee and a star producer and creating an empty seat in an area important for the firm's business. Morgan Stanley needed Parson to attain the firm's strategic business objectives and even Stuart felt strongly that Parson would be impossible to replace. 2. 3 Problem 3 – Little consensus for the 360-degree evaluation process The purpose of 360-degree evaluation is to emphasize teamwork, cooperation, and cross selling.However, there was little consensus on what the 360-degree evaluation actually meant in practice since its implementation in 1993. 3 Issues / Problem Analysis. It is doubt that the 360 degree perfor mance evaluation process at Morgan Stanley yield data that were valid and reliable. It is critical to figure out whether the 360 degree performance management system well aligned with Morgan Stanley's strategic objectives. It is also important to verify the two performance evaluation results and bjectively induce the implications so that Gary or the board could effectively manage the situation. 3. 1 Not a real 360 degree performance review @ Nasr's time. The performance comment â€Å"raw data† including the quantitative, qualitative, and anecdotal — none of which is perfectly consistent from the 360 process. It is doubt that raters knew how to effectively participate in the process and the Paul knew how to use the data. There was no indication of rater's interaction with Parson and how each rater's rating contributed to the average scores shown on Summary of Performance Ratings.The arithmetic average for the collage average score is 3. 6, how ever the overall rate is a t 2. 8. It seems that quiet a number of Parson's supervisor and colleagues were admiring his cross-selling skill but it was hard to tie to the result of Downward Average 3. 0 and colleague Average of 3. 7. What were the criteria to evaluate item 4A in the Summary of Performance Ratings. -Team Player Skill and how the comments from Parson's supervisors and colleague tied to the average rating.Rater Parson E's comments in the â€Å"Development Recommendation† sections did not include concrete example but just stating rather subjective observations and feelings. The rates were not interpretable and there was no scale identification for the rates. What a 2. 0 different was from a 4. 0 average score? What were the benchmarks? There was no explicit indication of management's expectations for Parson, such as specific sales target and customer satisfaction index that are measurable and be able to described in concrete terms.It seems that there was no prior communication of the expect ations of the key performance indicators with specific values to Parson. There was no attempt to think deep the unique qualities of Parson that bring him to achieve excellent business sales. There were no indications of key success factors for Parsons that would link to the performance evaluation process. There was inherited bias from Nasr that he treated Parson harsher because he wanted to show to everybody in Morgan Stanley that he would not treat a subordinate who was hired from his previous life better. . 2 Improved 360 degree performance review @ Gary's time In early 1997 during Gary Stuart's time – A â€Å"revised† performance review â€Å"raw data† including the quantitative, qualitative, and anecdotal was come up in different ways. The process had been improved when compared with the last year exercise in the following ways: Indication of involvement from each rater and excludes the ratings from evaluators who had limited interaction with Parson when com ing up with average score in every performance criteria to ensure fair evaluation.Indication of rating scale from 1-6 and with interpretations for each rating. However, there is no in-depth explanation on how to define Top 10%, Top 20% and Top 50% etc. Each rater provided a rating with corresponding comments and valid examples for each performance requirements category Elimination of the â€Å"Team Player† rating which was previous seen as a subjective and board term. However, the review showed an extraordinary amount of Parson's progress on the team player front by examples. The overall rating from downward and colleague at 5 and 5. respectively which is in the category of Outstanding -Top 20% It was mentioned by Stuart that he need to deal with the politics in the firm, it is time to think of whether Parson was confronting the culture or he a gear to help the firm to change some of the rooted culture. 3. 3 What are the alternatives? After illustrating the underlying causes of the problems, we have to consider whether the efforts Parson had made were sufficient to be promoted, promoting Parson would mobilizing a lot of support from within the firm. The main alternatives are as follows: * Be prepared to search Parson # 2 for replacement and fire Parson. No to promote and increase payment for Parson and let him tender his resignation. * Promote Parson to the managing director and further motivate and develop his weak area. 4 ;Solutions and Recommendations. Morgan Stanley changed its corporate strategy to focus on being a â€Å"one-firm† firm, the use of the 360 degree performance evaluation procedures at Morgan Stanley has been designed to reinforce the change in culture which is now emphasizing teamwork, corporation, and cross selling. The firm should reward those who acting in accordance with the mention notions as well as great business generators.The main purposes of carrying out an efficient 360 degree performance assessment in Morgan Stanley are to develop, to manage and to pay ;amp; promote. The effectiveness of the performance assessment did affect the job satisfaction of Parson and the organization effectiveness. Therefore, it is critical to come up with a fair judgment for Parson, review and improve for any loop holes in the existing performance assessment process. I would like to recommend promoting Parson to the managing director, further motivating, rewarding and developing his weak areas.It was hard to compare the results from 2 consecutive years because it is meaningless to use some misleading or ill-defined rates from @ Nasr's time and compare to a more representative set of result this year. However, the revised process in the recent year provided more sensible data, it is worthwhile to focus on the review result of this year as decision making base. The Summary of Performance Ratings and Distribution showed that nearly all (except 33% of his supervisor rate 3 for leadership and management skills) Parson's s upervisors rated 4 to 6 for all 4 perspectives include the Overall Downward.These implied most of the Parson's higher up did recognize Parson's contributions. It should be easier to mobilize a consensus on Parson Promotion this year. The management needed to reconsider the motivation elements and to come up with a through career development plan for Parson rather than just focus on using the review result as a promotion justifications. Actions Plans: * A constructive and through feedback session to be held by Stuart with Parson and mentioned that he will be promoted to the managing director on condition that Parson need to further improvement on certain areas from leadership and management skills.Quote concrete example for his weak areas. * Make sure a detail job specifications (expectations) and key performance index for the managing director position be in placed. To communicate management's expectation to Parson clearly. * To carry out after promotion review with Parson in three months time and make sure he will still be in good shape after his promotion. * Stuart has to tender a promotion recommendations report to the management with support and firm tone that Parson is ready to promote based on this year's performance assessment results. * To involve those being rated in the development of the rating scheme.Continuous to carry out performance appraisals training to make sure all the staff understands the logic behind. To fine tune the process with more specific definition for each of the ratings. In conclusion, with proper implementations, a 360 degree performance assessment process can provide a more accurate assessment of an employee's performance and help eliminate accusations of favoritism. It will definitely lead to continuous learning, team building, growing self-confidence and improved productivity. I look forward seeing a more constructive and productive team lead by Parson in the coming future.

Case: Maple Leaf Shoes Ltd., Legal Challenges Essay

The Ontario Human Rights Code states that sexual harassment occurs in situations when one individual is bothering the other by saying or doing unwanted or unwelcome things of a sexual or gender-related nature. This could be characterize in terms of inappropriate touching, offensive remarks about individual, sexual suggestions, unsuitable comments about body parts, exposure to sexually offensive pictures, verbal abuse due to the gender, etc. It is also considered to be a form of illegal discrimination and is a form of sexual and psychological abuse. In terms of the case, this is a clear case of sexual harassment because Rosetta is one of the two women in the department that every morning got called by her male co-workers as risotto, meaning Italian rice with gravy, and teased with Italian greetings. In addition, occasionally they asked her what she was doing with her Italian boyfriend and whether she had a good time with him the night before. Moreover, one of the co-workers asked her whether she prefer Italian over Canadian men and occasionally they loudly bragged to each other about their experience with their girlfriends so that Rosetta can hear it, just to embarrass her. Furthermore, her male co-workers told a dirty jock and asked Rosetta if she understood or if she could tell one as well. Usually, sexual harassment is a pattern of behaviour that happens frequently over a period of time. In this case, there is a pattern of different incidents that occurred over the period of Rosetta’s employment, which created a poisoned effect on the places where she worked. This type of sexual comments made her feel uncomfortable, in some situations even cry, which indicated that the work environment is poisoned. Although, Rosetta tried to make the harassment stop, it is not her responsibility alone, Al also has to make sure that sexual harassment does not occur in his workplaces because sexualized environment can create atmospheres that encourage more serious and direct sexual harassment, such as sexual joking n this case. If in the future more women would have positions in this department, this can create decrease in productivity, increase in team conflict and furthermore, lead to decrease in success at meeting financial goals because of team conflict. Moreover, it can create job dissatisfaction, loss of employees from resignations, and increase absenteeism by employees. In addition, the knowledge that harassment is permitted can damage ethical standards and discipline in the organization in general. Overtime, employees will lose respect and trust in their supervisors who encourage and/or ignored the problem, which can lead to a negative image of the company and create legal actions against the organization. The ignorance of the problem can create large costs to organization through damaged morale, lawsuits and absenteeism. People who harass will have no reasons to stop unless they are challenged. Therefore, it is necessary to support and encourage Rosetta to come forward. Eva can offer suggestions how to solve the problem but only Rosetta must choose what will be the best choice for her. Moreover, Eva can encourage Rosetta to seek help from a counsellor and provide her with helpful telephone numbers; however, it’s up to Rosetta to make her own decisions. In terms of their conversations, Eva should know that conversations that were between Eva and Rosetta are confidential and Eva cannot just go and tell it to somebody. The only time Eva may have to tell someone about Rosetta’s problem without her permission is if Rosetta is in immediate physical danger, which is not the case in this situation. Yet, ignoring or minimizing the problem will not make it go away. To conclude, it’s up to Rosetta to make complains to appropriate authority or to pursue a legal actions against the company in this matter. Eva can only morally support and advise Rosetta but cannot do any legal actions for her. The only think that Eva can try to do is to inform a human resources department in the organization about the situation and ask for the proper investigation about it. The other option that Eva can consider is to have a consultation with the lawyer about this whole situation; however, she should not say any names. All of these options have a good chance for success, as long as all of them conducted in accordance of law. Al’s first responsibility in this case is to properly deal with workplace sexual harassment issues involve the appropriate distribution of the organization’s policy on sexual harassment in the workplace. However, he did not take it serious when Rosetta complained to him, thus she was forced to terminate her employment. The other responsibility that Al should have carried is to show Rosetta that he, as a supervisor of the organization have responded to complain with the process of preventing sexual harassment in the workplace and are dealing with it in a timely and effective manner when it does occur. Al also felled to carry it appropriately, moreover, he blamed Rosetta to be too sensitive and that she takes herself too seriously. And based on his philosophy, such as to be able to laugh at ourselves now and the, it shows that he encourages this type of behaviour in the work place. Furthermore, Al has to take approach to sexual harassment where it involves the development of an internal system for the fair and balanced investigation of every complaint of this nature. Every complaint should be taken seriously. Employees must be aware that they are free to put forward complaints about sexual harassment in their workplace and that they will be free from retaliation and intimidation as a result. They should be encouraged to use and rely upon the company’s internal complaint mechanism and resolution system. In this step, Al also felled to follow the appropriate road. His behaviour with employees encourages them to joke around, which may discourage other employees to complain due to fear of retaliation and intimidation, if Al tells employees about complain. It is absolutely critical that employer who has not yet adopted appropriate policies and attitudes towards sexual harassment in the workplace join the movement towards zero tolerance for these workplace problems. It is critical for the employer not only live up to their legal  responsibility when dealing with issues of sexual harassment, but perhaps more importantly is to show that they have done something. Accordingly, proactive steps are to create sexual harassment policies and well publicized complaint procedures set, which would create the correct tone for the elimination of sexual harassment in the workplace. As a bi-product, the same visible procedures will also help to reduce the employer’s potential exposure to vicarious liability for the acts of employees. Reference Ontario Women’s Justice Network. 6 Jan. 2002. Metropolitan Action Committee on Violence Against Women and Children. 10 Feb. 2006 The Ontario Human Rights Commission. 11 Feb. 2007. The Ontario Human Rights Commission. 11 Feb. 2007 Ontario Women’s Directorate. 1 May 2003. Government of Ontario. 9 Feb. 2006 The Canadian Human Rights Commission. 9 July 2004. Government of Canada. 9 Feb. 2006.

Orchid Partners: Executive Summary Essay

Orchid Partners is a Venture Capital firm being founded by give general partners Todd Krasnow, Susan Pravda, David Friend, Bill Nelson and Jeff Flowers – who have known each other for many years in various professional and personal capacities. All four partners are driven and committed to this  venture and bring the strength of prior experience in venture capital industry, entrepreneurship, operations (hands-on running of businesses), raising capital to fund ventures, familiarity with the deal making process on either side of the table, as well experience in multiple industries. Moreover, their strengths are complementary such that they overcome individual weaknesses – eg. Friend prefers to be a visionary and rainmaker, while Krasnow has operational expertise and Susan holds the fund together. The timing and personal goals of the partners also align during the founding of Orchid. However, neither individual has experience being a general partner in a venture capital fund, and the group needs to work together cohesively and decide the best strategy for the fund. Individual strengths and weaknesses are detailed below Name Todd Krasnow Susan Pravda David Friend Bill Nelson Strengths Extensive experience and understanding of retail operations and marketing in food-grocery, office supply and dry cleaning industry Proven leadership and entrepreneurship skills Ability to lead operations from conceptual to executional stage and drive growth across geographies with hands-on, analytical and unemotional approach Experienced in raising money for entrepreneurship ventures Networking skills along with ability to create and sustain alliances with multiple firms Known for strategizing and negotiation skills along with legal prowess Ability to multitask while overseeing smooth functioning of firm managing operations, budgeting, finance and compensation Systematic and great at time management Successful entrepreneur and angel investor in technology sector with CEO experience Fundraising skills and great network. Sits on boards of companies Innovator, with varied interests and respected public figure, leading to network across horizontal strata of society Veteran with valuable operating expertise along with CEO experience across multiple companies in lifetime Reputation of being turnaround specialist with experience in operations and giving businesses a new lease of life with spectacular growth Valuable network, since sits on boards of companies and educational institutes Skilled negotiator Main Weakness Perceived as wild card with little tech  experience Taking on the partnership may be too much on  her plate Wants to be rainmaker and visionary and  doesn’t like to be involved in day to day  operations Market savvy and ability to understand and foresee technology trends Well experienced entrepreneur having served as CTO of three companies Innovator and holder of patents in technology sector Jeff Flowers Due diligence expert for technology retreated aspects of VC firms Orchid’s fund-raising activities Each of the general partners committed $2 million towards the fund. Initially, Orchid directed its fund-raising efforts towards personal  contacts of the partners, wealthy people they believed may be interested in investing in their firm. Friend could get commitments of $50,000 to $500,000, but that was miniscule in comparison to their initial target of $50 million. The major problems with this approach were: 1. During the first round of fundraising, it is difficult to convince individual investors of the viability of the deals the firm has in the pipeline and hence get their buy-in without having other investors. It leads to a cause and effect problem, where people are reluctant to invest since they do not have sufficient funds from other investors already. Also, individual investors typically invest smaller amounts as compared to larger institutional investors. 2. Also, Pravda, Krasnow and Flowers were not able to spend dedicated time to fundraising activities, since they were working full time. Thus, initially, the effectiveness of fund-raising activities was limited by Friend’s activities alone. Once they realized that these initial efforts may not be so effective in raising the requisite amount, they decided to target institutional investors, raise a large chunk of the target amount and then approach individual investors for the remaining amount. Similar to other industries, VC fund investors also constitute of different segments, i.e. innovators, early adopters, resistors (laggards). This had a huge implication on Orchid’s fund raising activities. It was essential for them to raise the initial few millions through institutional investors enough to reach critical mass, following which the laggards and the other skeptical investors follow into innovators’ footsteps. Thus, they should engage with friendly institutional investors at first. This essentially meant two major changes in their fundraising strategy: 1. Revise the target upwards: The initial target of $50 million was too small for them to sustain the fund through consecutive rounds of investing. Also, since institutional investors tend to invest in larger amounts (increments of $5-20 million), a larger fund would make it easier for them to participate. 2. Revise the Pitch: Their initial pitch was targeted at individual investors, and thus delved deep into the nuances of the VC market, which was not relevant to the institutional investors. Thus, they decided to focus the pitch more on their core competencies. Deal Sourcing The company started with the assumption that other VCs would be an excellent source of new deals. It believed that the expertise they had in varied sector and emerging technologies was not very common amongst VC circuit and they could pick up companies in the early stages of operation and needed small funding. Friends from other VC companies would suggest the companies that do not fit their criteria or need small funding in series A. Orchid partners felt that the approach was in their best interest considering that fact the market would not trust a new VC fund start up easily and established limited partners might not take a chance with such companies. Orchid Partners were following practices common for deal sourcing in the venture capital universe. Their strategies dealt with by focusing on long-term relationships built with sellers and management teams in the local region of New England. To start with, Orchid’s plan to leverage industry contacts of its partners and VCs to provide a pipeline of deals might be good in the short run. In future, as the size of the fund grows, sustaining a steady pipeline would be rather difficult. Orchid devised a strategy to concentrate only the areas that it was knew best since each partner had unique background and was a specialist is their field. The approach was to assign a partner to every sector in which the company had expertise. The partner was then responsible for carrying out the due diligence and also comprehensive study of the industry and exit option of the firm. The issue with this approach is that the partner already has heavy involvement in the deal before pitching it to all the partners. Since the firm size was small  and every partner was an expert in their own field there is a chance that they could get too attached to their views and push for the investment. In  addition, this model assumes that the partner would be able to analyse every aspect of the business i.e. taking into consideration the legal, financial, administrative and operative aspects of the business which might not always be feasible. Orchid Partners could build a specialist team trained in outbound origination programs who would be experts in scouring industry forums and the upcoming internet. Matching historical deal to the industries in focus with investment financing from banks might also help in generating leads from financial institutions. Dealing with Limited Partners In 2003, the PE industry is just recovering from a downturn and the Early-stage investing part of the market is largely underserved. Also, the Orchid Partners team is well diversified and has strong experience with them w.r.t. growing, managing and turning-around businesses. However, since their fund is new and doing the first round of fundraising, they don’t have the liberty of being too demanding from the Limited Partners in terms of the deal terms. It is advisable that they focus on the following deal terms: Fund term: The Partners should look at a fund term of at least 5-7 years which will have an investment period of 3-4 years. They can start the negotiation with 7 years fund term and as a worst case look to close at 5. Since they are focusing on technology and technologyenabled businesses, a term of 5-7 years should be enough to close the fund. Management fee: Orchid Partners should look at management fee of 3% considering the fact that they are raising a small fund and they would need sufficient capital to hire a team, rent an office and cover other administrative costs. Post negotiation, they should look to keep this component at 2.5% at minimum. Hurdle rate: Since the fund is new in the market, it will be advisable to offer preferential returns to the LPs before the GPs can carry a part of the profits with them. Orchid Partners should set this rate at 8%, the industry norm. Carry: Orchid Partners should offer a straight, non-negotiable carry contract of 20:80 where-in they will keep 20% of the profits and distribute 80% of the profits to the LPs, once the Hurdle Rate has been met. Distribution waterfall: Orchid Partners should propose that the returns generated by exit from the investments will be distributed to the LPs in a pro-rata to amount of the LP’s money invested in the business which is being exited. GP’s contribution to the fund: This is important as it signals the commitment of the GPs to the fund and ensures incentive compatibility between the LPs and the GPs. They should invest at least 10% of the fund size to the fund to assure the LPs that the GPs have enough skin in the game.

EXAM 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EXAM 1 - Essay Example Company reconciles these claims with its financial records that shows more growth through QSR.(Dunkin 2012 Annual Report p. 6) Long term mission of Dunkin Brand is to focus on long term sustainability. They have leveraged their expertise on research and development to come up with ideas that could help their stakeholders. To help their franchisees save on energy and water, save on costs for simple repairs, and engage in energy efficiency, Dunkin came up with a toolkit that solves this problem. It is also developing resources for a sustainable packaging solutions, and working on reusable cups and spoon.Dunkin is completing its research of sourcing of sourcing cage-free eggs and gestation crate-free pork by 2013. It also gives financial support to the local community through its various programs.(Riley, Christine.2013) Remote environment factors are issues which business have little or no control at all. For this reason, I consider economic factors as number one because it deals a lot on the economy of the company which it operates. i. e. the tendency of people to spend, availability of credit, level of disposable income, and trends of growth which could not be controlled by the organization. I ranked Social factors as second because understanding lifestyles of people, values, beliefs and opinions are significant in business decisions but business can go along with it. Political factors is ranked third, because following government regulations can be worked out; technological factors as fourth because it can be accepted as innovations and designs could be improved and last is ecological factors. This is the relations of the company to other living things such as air, soil and water which could be corrected through its CSR relations The number one competitive force shaping strategy of Dunkin is product adaptation and availability. Instead of developing new product, it focuses on growing the market

Consumers goods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Consumers goods - Essay Example Based on the Annual Report of GKN (2005) the company is using the Option Pricing Model as its model in calculating the target price. First, it was reported that the Earnings per Share (EPS) was computed at 7.7 in 2005. The EPS is actually the net profit after tax divided by the outstanding shares of the company On the other hand, adjustments made in the financial report showed substantial reports. The value of EPS was subsequently changed to 22.1 after the adjustments were made. This is good news for the investors because the each share earned an additional 14.4 Sterling Pounds. According to the report, the change was made because of the impact of the restructuring and impairment charges, profits on the sale of business, and charges in the fair value of derivative financial instruments. The nature of the business suggests that the Discounted Cash Flow Model is the best model to be used in determining target prices.Premier Foods PLC uses Discounted Cash Flow as the model for computing target prices. Basically, all forecasted values provided by the firm emanate from the aforementioned model. In 2005, the actual EPS of the company is valued at 34. This is further divided into continuing and discontinuing EPS. The former accumulated an EPS of 15 and the latter contributed 19 earnings for share. The figures, however, were changed because of IFRS rules. The EPS of the company was reduced to 33.7 with the continuing and discontinuing registering 14.9 and 18.8 EPS respectively. ... Several changes were observed in the manner in which non-operating activities were reported. The decrease was made since most non-operating activities were excluded from the computation of the items needed to value the EPS of the company. Other changes in the business because of the IFRS have impacted the valuation of several elements. Still, the model used by the company is effective because Discounted Cash Flow value considers the effect of inflation in the computation of the future values in the financial statement. Using the Option Pricing Model is prevalent among firms with diverse operations. The target prices computations of Scottish and Newcastle PLC suggest that the Option Pricing Model was used. The Annual Report (2005) of the company has underlined several changes after the IFRS rules were mandated. Specifically, the effects of the changed were observed in the inclusion of cash and cash equivalents. In the EPS, the use of IFRS as guide for accounting has produced significant changes. Before the approval of IFRS use, the EPS was only 40. Using the guidelines provided by IFRS, the EPS of the firm ballooned to 200. Although other adjustments not related to IFRS were made, the value added after the use of IFRS was immense. Indeed, there is a possibility that the values were overstated. Hence, using the Discounted Cash Flow Model will provide an accurate view of target prices in the future operations. The group Annual Report (2005) of British American Tobacco has pointed that the model used for valuation of target prices is the Historical Cost convention. This supports the claim of financial analysts of the effect of inflation rates in the values reflected in the financial statements. According to the report, the company recorded an EPS of

Defense Principles in Murder and Manslaughter Cases Essay

Defense Principles in Murder and Manslaughter Cases - Essay Example The essay "Defense Principles in Murder and Manslaughter Cases" talks about the effectiveness operation of Hong Kong's criminal law in murder and manslaughter cases. However, not all unlawful killings amount to the crime. The criminal suspects will not be culpable if the Actus reus and Mens rea of the two capital offenses cannot be proved. Unintentional killing or killing that can be partially or completely excused does not amount murder but may amount to manslaughter. The defense must present their case within these parameters. Despite the similarity between the handling of murder and manslaughter cases in Hong Kong and England, there is a lack of consensus in the former’s application of Mens rea. This was evident in House of Lords A-G’s Reference (No. 3 of 1994) ([1998] AC 245). In the case, the defense resorted to provocation and diminishing responsibility. Provocation should be more clearly defined to shade more light on its use as a defense. Diminishing responsibility, on the other hand, can be entered in cases where a defendant carried out murder due to a natural abnormality in the mind. Insanity is an important, complete defense that often leads to acquittal or lesser sentencing of criminal suspects involved in a murder. Killings resulting from self-defense normally top the list of cases that are argued under complete defense. These have led many defendants to be acquitted of the murder charges they face. Other exceptional cases in which a â€Å"guilty mind† is not proved may attract complete defense.... Killings resulting from self-defence normally top the list of cases that are argued under complete defence9. These have led many defendants to be acquitted of the murder charges they face10. Other exceptional cases in which a â€Å"guilty mind† is not proved may attract complete defence:11 for example, a teacher who kills a child through corporal punishment under parental authority12. In such cases, the defence is the lack of â€Å"guilty mind,† regardless of the murder impact13. In view of this, Hong Kong’s Mens rea as defence should be repealed to weed out chances of a mind that is not guilty employing a lethal response to milder situations14. Medical practitioners can also cite double effect as defence against murder charges preferred against them for deaths caused in the line of duty15. By administering a poisonous pain reliever, for instance, the resulting patient’s death cannot be completely blamed on the doctor because the patient’s suffering may provoke such a remedy16. The law should be repealed to specify that only when the pain is chronic pain should a physician administer lethal painkillers and evade murder charges if his or her actions result in death. The law is clear on whether marital coercion can be an act of provocation or diminishing responsibility. This was witnessed in HKSAR v NANCY ANN KISSEL FACC No 2 of 2009 case, in which, the court overruled the defence on such grounds, arguing that alleged violence in marriage, and impending divorce fails to meet the test for diminishing responsibility. This test should be upheld, because some victims-turned-suspected murderers may have induced their abuse by their partner in some way17. Partial defences Murder cases are normally reduced to manslaughter through partial defence. The verdict on

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Marketing - Essay Example In 2000, FedEx came about and a proper functional team was made, even of its subsidiaries. In 2004, FedEx also acquired Kinko’s Inc in order to expand itself in the general public. (Pride, et al., 2011) A few of the services FedEx offers are as follows: FedEx Ground FedEx Express FedEx SmartPost FedEx Freight FedEx Custom Critical FedEx Trade Networks FedEx Corporate Services FedEx Supply Chain Services FedEx Tech Connect FedEx Office All these services aren’t offered in all areas however the majority are. FedEx competitors include ARAMEX, BAX Global, DHL Express, United Parcel Service and many others. (Gilbert, 2012) FedEx China and globalization impact on the industry Over 400 cities in China are reached by FedEx in the present day. FedEx provides businesses and customers both a chance to explore their portfolio of services such as e-commerce, business services and transportation. They offer integrated applications for businesses as well with the help of operating com panies. They also have the mark of a good company with honest and admirable employees and it has been focused on safety, ethics and the professional standards that need to be met to cater to the community and its customers. A Chinese retailer was finding it difficult to provide the customers with a fitting room experience in case they shopped online. And since online is the next big thing in the world today, this had to be figured out. FedEx Courier was the answer to the problem of the fitting room. FedEx delivers the order and they wait at the door while the customer tries on the clothes in the comfort of his home and if they wish to return it back, they simply have to hand it back to the courier service. And this was an opportunity that FedEx honed into since China has a huge population, furthermore around 1 million of that population has more that 1 million dollars of wealth and in this way, they have attracted the elite by providing them the best customer service there is to off er. So one of the questions comes to mind as to why has FedEx expanded to China and does major business operations there? China has been growing at a rapid rate over the years, probably one of the fastest in the world. It expands at a rate of around 9% per years and 20% of the world lives there. (Birla, 2005) China also has a purchasing power parity that is second highest in the world after US, which only makes more sense that FedEx expanded into China after it tapped into the US market. Globalization has reduced barriers and lead to a more interconnected world and so people demand goods and services from the influences of the outside world, more so than they did before. Their demands and their needs have changed over the years. China also hosts a US Embassy in Beijing and has four consulates over the country which helps businesses out by recommended trade professionals. US have also marked 14 cities in China which are the American Trading Centers. They import from USS and form 54% of the total imports which are growing at a rapid rate. Therefore US can also take advantage of this expansion. Globalization has helped to overcome barriers but has made protecting rights and tracking the developments in different markets a more difficult task. (Wetherbe, 1996) China also started creating economic zones and these encourage foreign direct investment and leads to flexible trading policies and incentives. China also offers

Thinking like an Economist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thinking like an Economist - Essay Example I believe that the ideas of Adam Smith are still relevant in our current world economy. It is irrefutable that only a few things changed over the century which implies that older ideas can still be applied in the present. This is even more applicable to social sciences like economics as the past dilemmas still haunt the policy and decision makers of today. The problem of maximizing public good is still a one of the greatest questions in the world economy which can be answered by the ideas of Smith. The relevance of the ideas of Smith can be seen on how governments are presently trying to deregulate industries and privatize some previously government owned corporations. The countries doing this are coming to the realization that deregulation and privatization triggers a more competitive environment for industries and corporations alike, leading to more efficient operations. It is also notable that these processes ensure that the true value of goods and services in the economy is reflected in the pricing system as subsidies are now removed. Deregulation and privatization also significantly improves the overall efficiency in corporations' operations thereby maximizing producer surplus. When producers pass this in the form of lower prices, consumer surplus is maximized and the overall economy profits. One of the best examples to illustrate Adam Smith's concept of "invisible hand" is fr

Performance Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance Management - Research Paper Example The key behaviors that are important for the better job performance are: Effective communication: For retail sales associates, it is necessary to convey complete information and express facts and thoughts in a clear manner. Listen and understand actively to every situation in order to respond creatively. It is essential to adjust communication style according to customers and situations. Create good relationships with customers so that they do not feel reluctant to repeat the store anytime. Inclusiveness: Interact suitably with team, business partners, employees, community and customers without considering individual traits. Make a personal commitment to build an ever welcoming and friendly environment in the store. Ethical and tidy appearance: To gain the customers’ trust, create an environment that respects an individual and their perceptions. Treat and welcome customers with respect and dignity and demonstrate the importance of customers’ need by resolving their issues related to product or store. Tidy appearance is as importance as ethics. Untidiness in representatives’ appearance or store can cause customers to avoid enter in the store. Behaviorally-Anchored Rating Scales (BARS): This evaluation scale appraises the employees on various performance dimensions. BARS involve six or seven performance measurements that are anchored by a multi-point scale. For example, rating specific job performance with different employees’ behavior like poor, normal, or outstanding behaviors, that are relevant to specific job (Kane, Bernardin and Wiatrowski, 2013). Behavior Observation Scale (BOS): This scale enlists the behaviors that are required to perform a specific job successfully. These behaviors are measured based on the rate of recurrences of behaviors. It relates the job performance with the behavior by identifying frequency of employee engagement in

Continuing Academic Success Essay Example for Free

Continuing Academic Success Essay Of course everyone wants to be successful! It takes 100% of effort and determination to be successful. Maintaining believable goals keeps you on track for the road of success. If you keep your goals in mind, you will not astray from them. Achieving goals that you have set for yourself is your responsibility. It is easy to get distracted from your academic goals, if they are not maintained on a daily basis. Continuing academic success has helped numerous of students succeed. Continuing academic success means to have an advantage by resuming academic growth in an educational environment. Success is the ability to plan, be persistent, set goals, and accomplish them. There are so many fundamentals for continuing academic success, in which your attitude has a great impact on your academic structure. Accomplishing academic goals are an advantage for growth and numerous opportunities. Continuing your academic success is important in which you conduct research to gain knowledge. Another important necessity needed for success is to set goals. The best decision any person could make is to plan ahead for your desired position in life. Applying skills from your resources in or outside of school can also help you to be successful. Gaining Knowledge Acknowledging your learning style gives you insight on how to obtain a constructive pattern towards success. There are 3 different modes of learning styles which are visual, kinesthetic, and auditory. In visual mode, you can describe your learning preferences if you can learn by pictures, Shapes, sculpture, or paintings. Some individuals prefer learning by gestures, body movements, object manipulation and positing, which is kinesthetic. Last but not least, there is the auditory mode which includes  listening, rhythms, tone and chants. According to, Alsop Ryan, 1996, learning styles have a profound impact on learning. Personal awareness of learning styles and confidence in communicating this is the first steps towards achieving an optimal learning environment. (Alsop Ryan, 1996.) Discovering your personal learning style helps you with your skill development. This also gives you personal awareness and helps you to utilize your thinking skills effectively. Knowing your learning style helps you to navigate through your career and helps you to be in control of your own success. For instance, Omrod, 2008, p.106 wrote, â€Å"Some cognitive styles and dispositions do seem to influence how and what information is presented through words (verbal learners), whereas others seem to learn better when it’s presented through pictures (visual learners)†. Thus educational psychology students and aspiring teachers are being taught that students have particular learning styles and that these styles should be accommodated by instruction tailored to those learning styles. Having knowledge of my personal learning style helps me to make better judgments, when deciding on my point of view on a particular subject. I believe that being a visual learner, is a great way to learn. Most things people know is by seeing with their eyes and watching. When watching, it’s easier to learn a lot about people and things that are beneficial to you. I learn a lot about my surroundings and things about myself, being a visual learner. It is easy for me to organize information, define problems and develop theories. I believe being a visual learner is a strong asset because it helps me achieve on higher levels on a daily basis in everyday life. It is more convenient, well an advantage to know your learning style and to utilize it. Setting Goals Success comes from acquiring a positive mentality, preparing and focusing on desired goals. Success is making the best choices to prevent failure and to succeed. Success requires a challenge and commitment and helps an individual to accomplish goals. It is based on Ryan (1970) premise that conscious goals affect action. A goal is the object or aim of an action, for example, to attain a specific standard of proficiency, usually within a specified time limit. As industrial-organizational psychologists, our  primary interest has been to predict, explain, and influence performance on organizational or work-related tasks. Thus, we focused on the relationship between conscious performance goals and level of task performance rather than on discrete intentions to take specific actions (e. g. , to apply to graduate school, to get a medical examination). According to Dobbins, Pettman, 1997, Set Goals It’s mandatory to set goals, so that you can be successful. Goal setting can help an individual tremendously because they can set short term goals and accomplish them. I have many goals, dreams and aspirations†¦ My lifetime goal is to become a CEO of a 500 fortune company 10 years from now. Setting short term goals can help me achieve my long term goals and get closer to my dreams. Setting goals can also give me a peace of mind and keep me focused . Time management gives you the opportunity to get a lot done throughout the day. Eventually you will be able to accomplish small to larger tasks. Setting goals and managing time, you would surely achieve your set goals. Skills that you learn daily from school or your personal life can be used as transferable skills that will help you advance at being successful. We know that success is derived from both knowledge and positive mental attitude. We also know that failure is strongly associated with lack of knowledge and negative attitudes. Focusing upon desired goals stimulates excitement and enthusiasm, which are in turn strongly associated with positive mental attitude. Very few people are prepared t o set goals. Most people are not prepared to learn more or make the necessary efforts to be more positive. Apply Skills The writing process helps you advance in your education and career because it’s easy to brain storm. Applying knowledge you gain will always be beneficial. Academic integrity is important you are taking responsibility for your work. As far as conducting research and citing information where you have found your sources. Plagiarism a complex concept, argues Sutherland-Smith, who isolates six elements of plagiarism (pp. 70-3) from the work of Peccorari (2002): language borrowed or stolen source, by whom, without acknowledgement, with or without intent to deceive. Plagiarism comes with consequences if one isn’t careful. There is a possibility of being expelled from school. Conclusion Continuing academic success is a great path to take. On continuing your education you learn to gain knowledge, set goals and apply what you have learned. Knowing your learning style will also help you to achieve in being successful! References Dobbins, R., Pettman, B. O. (1997). Set goals. Equal Opportunities International, 16(6/7), 9-43. ProQuest Central. Robertson, L., Smellie, T., Wilson, P. (2011, March). Learning Styles and Fieldwork Education: Students perspectives. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(1), 36-40. ProQuest Central. Ryan, T. A. (1970). Intentional behavior. New York: Ronald Press White, G. (2009) ). Plagiarism: The internet and student learning-improving academic http://faculty.washington.edu/janegf/goalsetting.html integrity. Australian Journal of Education,53(2), 209-211

Costs and benefits of Globalisation on Indias Economy

Costs and benefits of Globalisation on Indias Economy Introduction In this essay we are about to go Global. Recent events on the financial market show how interdependent the world is. Common value should not be forbid but what about common losses. Who should be responsible for them? Many blame globalisation. What is it and does the world has other options to develop. Should we return to the strategies of the past? Or should we continue to live through an age of essential economic revolution? The term globalisation generates constant debates and controversies. But most of those who talk about globalisation are not even aware of its fundamentals. The term globalisation is used rather vaguely. Globalisation is the one specific modality of international integration. Technology has definitely changed the means of way we live and also the ways in which the business is done in world today. The country by means of internet connection and enthusiastic workers can have access to unlimited jobs and industries. Lets imagine a picture of a world where all limitations are disappearing. A world where there are no boundaries and where competition can come from anywhere. Thats the world where our future lies. To make this world a healthier place globalisation is going to play a very important role. There are some who believe that we must try to turn our back on this novel world. They also think that the chance to preserve our living standard is to make a fortress around the country and stop trading and depend only on our own industries. But at present it is impossible to turn back the waves of globalisation but in doing so we can actually make ourselves worst off. So instead of fearing the future we should embrace it. Globalisation and Structure of Indian Economy The best definition of globalisation has been expressed through a poem by Canadian economist Gerald Helleiner- The poor complain, they always do, but that is just idle chatter. Our system (globalisation) brings reward to all, at least to all who matter. Broadly speaking the term globalisation is most definitely an economic process. Even though it is modeled as a way of bringing the world together, globalisation is all about the business community breaking down the remaining barriers to the free flow of its capital around the world. It fundamentally means opening up of any country economy system and its integration among the other economies of the world. It involves liberalism and implementation of economic liberalization policies and reforms to promote the progression of private sector. The word globalisation itself means something new is happening to the world. The world is becoming a single place and experiencing global practices, values and technologies that are shaping people lives to the point that we are entering a global age. For India, there are ample confusions about the costs and benefits of globalisation. Generally Indians think that as the nation state has laid down their arms to globalisation all the perils are hurting and hunting. Data Source Projection: VMW Analytic ServicesIndias population is fast approaching a billion; this fact is easy to read but much more difficult to absorb one thousand million people, each of whom sees the world in a slightly or radically different way from the others. Since Indian independence in 1947, the economy of India has increased almost exponentially (Refer Fig. 1). From early 1990s, different governments have adopted inward oriented development strategies i.e. the state encouraging an economy through self sufficiency and a dominant role in the economy via state planning. Forces of demand and supply were not allowed to play any key role in resource allocation. ImportsAfter 1991 balance-of-payments crisis, where foreign currency reserves fell to $1 billion inflation went high to 17%, India laid numbers of stabilization-cum-structural adjustment measures with widespread effects. The main aim was to remerge the Indian economy with the world economy by reducing barriers to trade and investment, and deregulation of a highly bureaucratized economy. The Foreign Direct Investment was also encouraged to reduce the countrys reliance on debt-creating capital inflows, simultaneously renovating Indias ancient technologies and advancing easily into global markets. Exports India GDP growth from 1991 2007. Since then the real export growth rates of goods and services in 2006 and 2007 record high levels: 8.6% and 9.7% (Refer Fig. 2). The propellant growth of exports doubled Indias share in world exports of goods and services from 0.5% in 1991 to almost 1.7% in 2007. Even India imported 11.4% more goods in 2006 and 13% in 2007 as compared to the average growth rate from 1995 to 2005 (11.3%). As a result, Indias trade ratio of imports plus exports to GDP has twofold since 1991, from 16.5% to 45% in 2007. Regardless the unfinished reform agenda, Indias GDP growth (Refer Fig. 3) has increased >9% over the past 3 years, by an average of 5.8% annually during the period 1991-2004. It contributes nearly 2% to world GDP and around 1% to world exports of goods and services (Source: World Development Indicators). Consistent with excellent growth, per capita incomes were doubled from 1990 to 2007 and poverty dropped from 46% in 1986 to 36% in 2000. However, poverty remains a grave problem. Recently several economists and lobbyists have compared Indian economy with that of China but its progress path has been significantly different from Chinas. Indeed, it has been also very different from that followed earlier by Japan, Korea and the other Asian giants. Firstly, the recent economic rise in India is largely thanks to services rather than manufacturing sector. India has became a global player in several services sectors such as IT and business process outsourcing, while its manufacturing sector keep suffering from low productivity. Secondly, the 2/3rd of Indias population still rely on agriculture for a living as compared other Asian countries and thirdly, India try to remains closed to trade in comparison to other developing and emerging countries. Even FDI inflows have also ten folded in last two decades. It has been tripled since 2005 and in 2007 it was around $23 billion (Data Source: Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Economic survey). But India is not yet as present in the Central and Eastern Europe markets as China is. Its share in the European market was 0.7% (2006), almost unchanged from 1990s. However, Chinas share in these markets has increased sharply from 1.3% in 1992 to 5.7% in 2006 (Data Source: OECD). Indian has the potential and should make the efforts to move from good growth to rapid constant growth. The problem in India lies in the spurring productivity which is badly affected by the low education and health reforms and also by the petite openness of the Indian economy. Indias weak infrastructure has hurt the booming potential of Indian production. From undependable energy, lacking water supply to bad road and train conditions, infrastructure shortages have created high business costs across the sectors (Source : OECD, 2007c). Benefits and Costs of Globalisation on Indian Economy Globalisation has been a classical process with ups and downs. Its growth has been largely led by the technological forces in the fields of transport and communication. The flow of trade has been frequent and there are lesser barriers for the people across the geographical boundaries. There are less tax barriers and fewer limitations on fund flows. India is no exception to globalisation. In year 1991, when we were neck-deep in financial deficit, very high inflation (around 17%), balance of payments crisis and low industrial production, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) bailed us out with significant loans with assistant Structural Adjustment Program (SAP). This guided in Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation. Indian Economy has undergone many important reforms in the 1990s. The LPG model has helped the Indian economy to grow rapidly and become internationally competitive. From early 1991, a new epoch has dawned for India and its huge population. This formidable phase of economic evolution has had a wonderful impact on the overall Indias economic development. All major sectors of the economy have improved dramatically and its effects over the last decade can hardly be ignored. Moreover, it has marked the dawn of the real integration of Indians economy into Worlds economy. Globalisation has created many employments bought large investments to India. Our economy has been on the rise at good rates for the past few years many new prospects have opened up for India. We have highly benefited from economies of scale. The change in global barriers has permitted the companies to profit from the largest cheapest labor market, raw material and technology. Foreign businesses have significantly augmented their investments in Indian industries. The salaries of industrial labor have improved largely; therefore, the lock outs and strikes have declined sharply as labor is happy. Now days business market has no boundaries and companies can promote their products globally. This has helped the Indian companies to lay hand on global technologies which has certainly increased our qualities of living standards. Indian Entrepreneurs has been more aware about the competitors, recent trends and quality of products. The competition between the global companies can be seen in the improve qualities of the brands and services to the customer. Presently, we can talk about the story of two Indias: We have the best of times; we have the worst of times. There is bright prosperity, there is high poverty. We have stunning 5 star hotels with dark ill-starred homes. Globalisation gave us everything, globalisation gave us nothing. Although Rajiv Gandhi government, the sixth prime minister of India, introduced some economic reforms between 1985 -1989 but it was the Narasimha Rao government, ninth prime minister of India from 1991-1996, that gave a exact shape and started the novel economic reforms in India. Below are the highlights of some extreme benefits of globalisation on Indian Economy: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate: The rate of increase of Indias real GDP was low during 1980-90 (5.6%) to 1993-2001 (7%). But in the last few years, the GDP annual growth rate in India has been remarkable i.e. 7.5% (2003-2004), 8.5% (2004-2005), 9% (2005-2006) and 9.2% (2006-2007) (Ref Fig. 3). Present P.M. Dr. Manmohan Singh is certain to have a 10% increase in the GDP for 11th five year plan (2007 2012). In 2006-2007, the sectors contributing highest in GDP growth are Industry sector (26%), Service sector (55%) and Agriculture sector (19%) (Ref Fig. 4). The increase in GDP has in fact helped to increase the foreign exchange reserves from $39 billion (2000-01), $107 billion (2003-04), $145 billion (2005-06), $200 billion (2007-2008) to around $268 billion on 1st February 2011 (Source: IMF). Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Since early 2003, Indias FDI promotion board is officially run by government i.e. Ministries of Economic and Finance. Since then there has been drastic reforms in the rules and regulations of FDI in India. The FDI is now acknowledged as a key driver of development in the country. India is ranked 2nd in international FDI in year 2010 behind 1st ranked China and ahead of Brazil Russia and it will continue to be in the top 5 destinations to draw global investors during 2010-12 (Source: World Investment Prospects Survey 2009-2012 by UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)). India attracted cumulative FDI equity inflows of $122.68 billion from mid 2000 to end 2010, according to the data released by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). In October 2010, the FDI inflows were $1,392 million. The figure 5 on next page shows the Indias top cities and sectors which attracted highest FDI inflows in Jan 2008 (Source: DIPP I ndia). The main attractive sectors have been information technology, telecom, services, healthcare and telecommunications. India controls almost 45% of the global outsourcing market with income more than $50 billion. Imports and Exports: The general idea of the independence movement in India (year 1940s), led by great M. Gandhi, was based on the hatred for anything foreign, especially the one originating from Britain. The imported goods were burnt on regular basis and everyone believed that everything can be produced home. The belief was that we can be self reliant and self dependent and import of goods can bring the foreign dominance. In 2009, 7 decades later India ranked 15th in world in terms of import volume and 22nd in the terms of export volume. In 2004 2005 our imports were $107 billion (Ref Table 1), a record increase of around 36% as compared to $79 billion in 2003 2004. The exports also jumped by 24% recording $79 billion as compared to $63 billion the previous fiscal. The oil imports increased by 19% and the import bill zoomed from $21 billion to $29 billion in two fiscal years. Other imports excluding oil were $77 billion in 2004 2005 that is 34% higher than $58 billion in 2003 20 04. Other Benefits: Information Technology (IT) and outsourcing has been given a special status in the growth of Indian economy. The reason may be that the government desires to present our country as a technological advanced nation and to achieve this they must encourage the IT sector. The term special status means that the sector and global / local investors will get many special advantages from the government. Furthermore, the impact of the global economies has influenced the Indian education system over the last few years. Improved educational institutions, hi- tech colleges, advanced schools are the fruits of globalisation. The colleges have implemented the developed teaching technologies, to make the students aware of the latest developments. India is in the 4th position in respect to market capitalization with $894 billion after the US ($17,000 billion), Japan ($4800 billion) and China ($1000billion). India should soon cross the trillion $ mark. Even though we have not so far reached the end of history but globalisation has sure took us closer to the end of geography. The globalisation has not always been fair. The cash flow over the last two decades has been very unsymmetrical. Every $1 of aid money to poor countries, the rich countries get $10. It has deepened the poverty and inequality. It has affected both the social and political stability among and within states. Capital rights are given more advantages over the labor rights. The trade and finance rule are unfair and this has had mixed effects on rich and poor countries. In India, the main casualties of globalisation are the poverty and the agriculture sector. Here are some costs which India paid because of globalisation: Agriculture Sector: Agriculture has always been the strength of the Indian economy. It plays crucial part not only in providing food to people, as well as the supply of raw material to industries and to export trade. 60% of the Indian population works in agriculture sector and however its contribution in GDP is only 20.6%. India agricultural growth continued to drop down from 13% in 2003 to 1% in 2002-2003 (Source: agricoop.nic.in/Agristatistics). This set back in agriculture is in contrary to 6% expansion in Indian economy in last decade. The reasons of this decrease, according to Economic Survey 2006-07, are: less investments, disproportions in fertilizer use, low seeds replacement rate, a distorted incentive system and low post-harvest value addition. Indian farmers are offered almost no subsidiaries and very less help from government. The Indian government has taken no significant measures to negotiate with foreign companies to set up technologies for the farmers assistance. All these factors have led to decrease in the income of the farmers and have increased the rural debts. In 2000, the farmer suicides were registered to 12% of total suicides in the country. Poverty: Though globalisation has drastically improved our living standards but still it doesnt have the significant effect in improving the poverty. According to 2007 Forbes list, the number of billionaires in India has risen to 40 and yet there is 80% of Indias population which lives on less than $2 a day. Nevertheless, Indian government is making lots of efforts to improve poverty in rural areas. They are trying to provide more facilities to the poorer. The 2005 World Bank estimation was that 41% of Indian population live below the international poverty line of $1.25 a day. So India government has still a long way to go to improve the poverty situation of India. Industry: The globalisation has raised a high competition between the foreign companies and domestic companies. As the foreign products being better, the people prefer to buy them instead of Indian ones. This has reduced significantly the amount of profit of India companies. The new technology has reduced the requirement of labor and thus resulted in the cost of their jobs. No doubts that the effects have been positive as well as negative but the Indian government should make such economic policies related to industry that are beneficial and not harmful. Human trafficking and increase in diseases like HIV are also the very high cost paid for globalisation. And the pity is that womens and childrens are among the most exposed to it. Conclusions Globalisation has provided India the opportunity to grow substantially. Though we have to be more careful on the whole as all the economies are linked together and crisis in one economy have drastic effect on others and recent events has confirmed that. But still globalisation has definitely helped India to become a better economy. We have the abilities and skills to adapt and change according to the flow of global market. In the end my keen hope for the betterment and the bright future of our country is to go out and face this globalising world. I am certain that India of 2025 will be a different place. It will be much more leading force in the world economy, than 25 years ago or even at the start of the 21st century.

Joy Luck Club :: essays research papers

The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, is a portrayal of four Chinese women and the lives of their children in the United States. The book discusses the conflicting cultures between the United States and China, and how men treat women throughout their lives. In the United States we usually take for granted their roles as a male or female. The culture of each country shapes the treatment one receives based on the sex of the individual. There are obvious differences within the different cultures. These differences show themselves in the work force, the distinct tasks performed in the home, and the privilege one receives in society. At job sites around the US, the women hold many positions of importance. They are usually treated as equals with men and there are few jobs from which they are excluded. In China, women are expected to stay at home and are not permitted to be in a work force that is held exclusively for men. The women of America receive fair wages and have earned the right to work w ith men. In China, women are assigned the role of housewives and must stay at home to clean the house and raise the children. Women in America receive education's that will prepare them for well paying jobs in the future. The women in China are known for taking orders from their husbands. The next difference in China from America is the different roles women take in the home. The author explains that a Chinese woman is expected to be a good wife for her chosen husband. Girls are promised at an early age to a man. The story "The Red Candle" (page 42) shows an arranged marriage where the author sacrificed her life to fulfill her parents' promise of marriage when she was only two years old. At the wedding the candle is lit at both ends and if neither end goes out it will be a successful marriage. Of course, the woman was the one held responsible for making the marriage a successful one. In an American marriage, each sex is held accountable for the success of a marriage.

Essay --

The image of masculinity was dominant throughout World War One. War was seen as the ultimate â€Å"test of manhood†. War and masculinity were synonymous; war was the ultimate defender of masculinity. This essay examines masculinity through the social, economic and physical changes men experienced in the 1920s to show the ways in which changes to former codes of masculinity were precipitated by war. An extensive amount of research has already been conducted on the issue of masculinity and the cumulative tendency of the scholarship has been to highlight the redefinition of masculinity. Joanna Bourke has made a significant contribution to the study of men and World War One by approaching the interaction between masculinity and World War One through the corporeal body. Similarly, Eric Leed’s 1979 study of combat and identity in wartime presents the idea that men’s experience of the war was dehumanising. Jessica Meyer uses a vast amount of personal narratives to expl ore British servicemen’s relation to the war. Along with these general contributions of masculinity, there have also been more focused studies. For example, Ina Zweinger-Bargielowska looks at the idea of masculinity through the focus of the construction of the ‘British superman’ in which she relates masculinity to physical culture. In order to show that masculinity was the chief casualty of the war the first section will analyse the changes in social relations to show there was a gender war as masculinity was greatly affected by the reversal of gender roles. I will then show how masculinity was economically affected through an examination of unemployment showing the challenge to male identities, especially for disabled men. The third section will move to explore the pressures o... ...ude, this essay has shown that masculinity was the chief casualty of the war. Exploring the social, economic and physical changes men experienced it has become clear that war had the power to make women visible and destabilise masculinity. Men encountered several anxieties centring on the social turmoil that gender roles irreparably distorted. It has become clear that the economic breakdown men faced as a result of their loss of breadwinner status exacerbated the loss of masculinity. Similarly, through an analysis of the physical culture men were involved in during the 1920s it has become clear that masculinity was severely damaged by the war, so much so that men were required to take part in physical activities to achieve a ‘body beautiful’ image which now came to represent masculinity. Ultimately one cannot deny that masculinity was the chief casualty of the war.

Essay --

Now Hitler was a self-centered man when it came to power and dividing the work, he was no doubt a great leader according to me. He would order work and divide work but never did he divide his power. There are numerous attributes of incredible pioneers and Greenberg and Baron (2009) state that the first normal for extraordinary pioneer is that he has the yearning to lead and succeed in business. Buchanan (2007) battle that pioneers have the adaptability which helps them in distinguishing the movements needed in a given circumstance and afterward they can act likewise. The pioneers have inspiration enough to look for force to accomplish sought objectives. They are versatile enough to match their style with the requirements of adherents and they can additionally act appropriately according to the interest of circumstance they confront in business sector. Possibility Theories: Possibility speculations of leadership concentrate on specific variables identified with the environment that may figure out which specific style of leadership is best suited for the circumstances. No leadership style is best in all circumstances. Victory relies on various variables, including the leadership style, characteristics of the supporters and parts of the circumstances. Trademark Theories: Comparable in a couple of methodologies to "Phenomenal Man" speculations, trait theories acknowledge that people inherit certain qualities and attributes that realize a recognizable change suited to leadership. Quality speculations customarily distinguish particular character or behavioral properties bestowed by leaders. On the off chance that particular qualities are key attributes of leadership, then how might we show people who have those qualities however are ... ...ties of the Nazi Party all in all, and the political association incorporating his power. I’d like to conclude by saying that the point when analyzing Hitler's initiative, it is vital to distinguish your authority model. Do you accept that ethics and correspondence are key elements when creating a solid and compelling pioneer? In insight into the past, it is not difficult to criticize Hitler as a pioneer in light of the torment and damage he distressed on others. Imagine a scenario in which those qualities are corrupt and damaging to numerous gatherings. Hitler was a pioneer, basically because of his positional power and impact on others encompassing his vision. On the other hand, I accept there is a contrast between ethical and indecent pioneers, and when the vision is hindering to different gatherings, the initiative is not a victory. Essay -- Now Hitler was a self-centered man when it came to power and dividing the work, he was no doubt a great leader according to me. He would order work and divide work but never did he divide his power. There are numerous attributes of incredible pioneers and Greenberg and Baron (2009) state that the first normal for extraordinary pioneer is that he has the yearning to lead and succeed in business. Buchanan (2007) battle that pioneers have the adaptability which helps them in distinguishing the movements needed in a given circumstance and afterward they can act likewise. The pioneers have inspiration enough to look for force to accomplish sought objectives. They are versatile enough to match their style with the requirements of adherents and they can additionally act appropriately according to the interest of circumstance they confront in business sector. Possibility Theories: Possibility speculations of leadership concentrate on specific variables identified with the environment that may figure out which specific style of leadership is best suited for the circumstances. No leadership style is best in all circumstances. Victory relies on various variables, including the leadership style, characteristics of the supporters and parts of the circumstances. Trademark Theories: Comparable in a couple of methodologies to "Phenomenal Man" speculations, trait theories acknowledge that people inherit certain qualities and attributes that realize a recognizable change suited to leadership. Quality speculations customarily distinguish particular character or behavioral properties bestowed by leaders. On the off chance that particular qualities are key attributes of leadership, then how might we show people who have those qualities however are ... ...ties of the Nazi Party all in all, and the political association incorporating his power. I’d like to conclude by saying that the point when analyzing Hitler's initiative, it is vital to distinguish your authority model. Do you accept that ethics and correspondence are key elements when creating a solid and compelling pioneer? In insight into the past, it is not difficult to criticize Hitler as a pioneer in light of the torment and damage he distressed on others. Imagine a scenario in which those qualities are corrupt and damaging to numerous gatherings. Hitler was a pioneer, basically because of his positional power and impact on others encompassing his vision. On the other hand, I accept there is a contrast between ethical and indecent pioneers, and when the vision is hindering to different gatherings, the initiative is not a victory.

Dbq: Cricket and Politics Rough Draft

When examining the relationship between cricket and politics In South Asia from 1880 to 2005, there was much continuity and change. A significant continuity was that as in document 3, â€Å"first it was the hunter, the missionary, the merchant, next the soldier and the politician, and then the merchant. † It was said by Cecil Headlam that this was the history of British colonization. As this continued cricket brought together the rulers and the ruled, which continued to make things more moral.A significant change is that politically India and Europe didn’t really get along so in Document 6 and the Natore XI defeated European teams that had such pride. Also in document 2, Prince Ranjiitsinhji would return to England to join the Sussex team, but will return to India as head of an English team and then return as a head of an Indian team. It shows how politics changed things in India as well in England were cricket brought people of different religions and politics together over time.Most of the documents I could find many great continuities between politics and cricket, cricket seemed to bring more people together of different backgrounds from competitively to just the game itself. Since the early 1900’s cricket united the people of a supreme power to its followers. The game since then to 2005 put the politics to the side and taught people morals, self-restraint, and even education in pluck. Cricket was far more valuable, this helped to continue the history of the British colonization (Doc. ). Also cricket has many lessons in others walks of life not just in India or even Britain, but there continues to be a lesson. In the game there was always a connection to the other players because they all came to play the same game (Doc. 6). In the 1940’s the Hindu cricket club requested Mohandas Gandhi for his support in continuing religiously based cricket competitions, to Gandhi the continuation of religious based teams were un-sportsman like.T he influence of government changed who played the game of cricket and now challenged each other’s religion instead of the game. (Doc. 8). The game of cricket has been looked upon as not of an elite sport. Also problems were seen mostly in class systems in Docs. 2, 3, and 4. In Doc. 2 Prince Ranjiitsinhji was able to join a team in Britain, were Britain’s looked down to Indians. In Doc. 3, In England a English writer saw the game of cricket as a uniting tool, but if this came from an Indian historian things could be seen differently.It seems that the English always tried to make the game of cricket full of unity, but I feel as if the Indians would disagree with many things the English had put out over the years, in which India later on became independent. In Doc. 4 there was more of a sense of equality between the castes in India, they seemed to be able to ignore the caste and focus on the true game of cricket. If it wasn’t for cricket the people of the different classes would look down on the lower classes or even the lower classes would not like the others.

Comparative Effect of Demonstration and Guided Discovery Instructional Method Essay

Teachers are increasingly facing serious instructional challenges as the diversity of students within each class room continues to widen. Patterson(2002) noted that within each classroom student of a wide academic range with different labels such as gifted, fast learners, average learners, slow learners and the low learners all face their teacher daily with full hope that their need will be met. The conventional teaching method seems not to have adequately equipped instructions with contemporary view of students. Intelligence and their vast learning capacities (Campbell and Campbell,1999). These major challenges occur mostly in Technical Education. Uwaifo (2005) defined Technical Education as the acquisition of skills and techniques in choosing occupation or profession to enable an individual earn a living. Technical Education offers various courses or programmes which includes Woodwork, Plumbing, Building, Metalwork, Carpentry and Joinery, Auto mechanics, Metal fabrication, Drafting, and Electrical installation work. All this courses are offered in Technical Colleges but these study is going to be based on Electrical installation. Technical Colleges are regarded as the principal vocational institution in Nigeria. They impact full vocational training, with the intent to prepare students for entry into the various occupations (Okoro,1993). The products of these institutions are employed as operatives, artisans, and craftsmen in industries. Grant(1979), however maintained that Technical College Education is based on the fundamental of the industrial production, he averred that the main objectives of Technical College Education is to make students familiar with most important branches of production in an industry, commerce, imparting of skills and practical competencies in handling of tools, materials and generally equipping the students with both theoretical knowledge and work habits. Technical colleges provide students with vocational competencies needed in various disciplines of producing skilled personnel needed for provision of the maximum economic security (Atsumbe,2002). One of the areas where technical colleges equip young people is in the field of Electrical Installation. Electrical installation is the aggregate of all the process involved in wiring a house, maintaining and repair of electrical equipments, machines and appliances. The graduates of technical colleges should display sound practical skills in electrical installation. An electrical installation craftsman is required to know the procedures of installation as well as causes and control measures to minimize dangers inherent in electricity use, in addition, standardized regulations, safety rules, requirements and code of practice for a safe and efficient electrical system installation provided by the appropriate regulatory bodies. Therefore for electrical installation programme to adequately meet the societal expectations at this computer age, teaching needs to be improved; this improvement includes selection of appropriate and more effective teaching methodology. Teaching and learning is a process that includes many variables. The variables interact as learners work towards their goals and incorporate new knowledge, behaviours and skills that add to their range of learning experiences. A teaching method comprises the principles and methods used for instruction. Commonly used methods in technical education include Lecture method, Demonstration method, Project method, Guided discovery method e. t. c But this study will be narrowed to only Demonstration and Guided Discovery method. Demonstration method is commonly used to teach operations in technical education this method helps the teacher to explain the steps involved in a lesson or an operation while teaching them(Oranu,1994). Demonstration involves showing by reason or proof, explaining or making clear by use of examples or experiments to conceptualize students knowledge. Guided discovery is largely unstructured situational method of teaching whereby students are permitted to find solutions to problem on their own or at their own pace, often jointly in group activities under the guidance of the instructor. The student receives problems to solve, but the teacher provides hints and directions about how to solve the problem to keep the student on track (Mayer,2003). This study is carried out to ascertain the effectiveness of each teaching methodology on students practical skills in electrical installation in Technical Colleges.

The market segmentation

Market segmentation is the process of identifying markets and then dividing those markets into groups.   The groups consist of characteristics that are similar and they have similar product needs.   The groups can consist of people or organizations.A market consists of people or organizations that have similar needs of a product, have the ability, willingness and authority to buy products.   There are two types of markets the consumer market and the organizational or business market.   The purpose of the consumer market is to supply goods and services to the customers for their own benefit and not for sale.   The organizational or business markets are markets that are business oriented such as the products in the markets are usually sold thus the businessmen sell them for a profit.The reason behind the dividing the market is to identify groups of customers who have similar tastes and preferences, to understand the customers behavior so that the right kind of goods are deliv ered to them and to ensure that the right marketing strategies are identified so as to ensure that the different preferences chosen to satisfy the needs of the customers If a product can be from a particular company   whose cost of advertising is low thus   it can be   in a position to boost sales of a company   since the cost of maintaining it is low and their returns can increase with time..Successful market segmentation is one that has the following characteristics: segment members that are internally the same and externally different or heterogeneous.The market can be segmented based on whether it is a consumer market or an industry or business market. In the customer market the basis of segmentation is based on variables such as the geographical, demographic, and psychographic and the behavioristic variables. The psychographic segmentation is a segmentation that is used to describe the customers in terms of their activities, opinions, emotions, values, motivations and l ifestyles.These enables the producers of the products to know which product are beneficial to the customers in terms of their preferences and tastes.   The application of this segmentation enables the manufactures to improve on their mode of developing their products, brand positioning, targeting and advertising so that the sales volume of the product can increase and this can result in greater returns for the company.The demographic segmentation involves classifying people who come from the same geographic boundaries and those who possess the same goals for example in a banking industry the introduction of automatic teller machines can enhance efficiency in the business because it can enable the customers to access cash quickly and to enable them complete transactions promptly since the machine is located in a place where customers are many hence the service delivery process is efficient for this customers.Geographical segmentation refers to dividing segments based on their regio n of the world, country size and density of the area. In the rural areas we have products such as the farming equipment and material because they are mostly used there while the urban centers consists of products that have been produced and manufactured and are ready for consumption since the residents there do not have land to cultivate products for consumption for themselves and for their children.The market can be segmented in the industrial market using the following variables: Location, company type and the behavioral characteristics.In case of the location variable the businessmen consider this factor seriously because the distance between where the source of the product is made and the market can be too big such that the cost of transportation can be too high for the businessmen to afford and thus render the market to be unprofitable thus this issue should be addressed so that it can be eliminated in the future.   .In case of company type segment the customers can be classi fied according to the company size, industry, decision-making and the purchase criteria.   The customers can prefer a commodity based on how well the product has been in the market and whether the industry in which it is produced is known because customers tend to accept a product, which has been in the market for a long time. (Steenkamp and Ter Hofstede 2002)The behavioral characteristics in the industrial market are: usage rate means the frequency in which a product is consumed if it is high it means that its demand is high thus it supply is likely to be high for example goods such as the consumable’s such as salt ,sugar there is a likelihood of being demand many times because people cannot stay without them,   buying status that is customers who regularly consume a product   can make the target market to perform effectively because of their consistency in purchasing their products.The procedure of purchasing the product is also determined such as the sealed bids or n egotiated procedure.   In the sealed bid procedures customers purchase a product based on the price tags of the product this type of segmentation is important to consider since it enables the produce to always have adequate stock of the product so as to avoid stock outs.The criteria that are used in identifying a market segment is that it must be identifiable that is a customer must be in a position to recognize the segment that is appropriate for them since customers tend to consume a product on the basis of how they have the product in the market and its quality.   It must be accessible that is the segment must be within the reach of the customers thus the communication and distribution channels must be improved so that the product reaches the customers within the given period of time that the marketers must advertise their products so that customers can be made aware of the existence of the product..The segments must be substantial that is they must be large enough so that th e resources that are used to avail them to the customers are cost effective that is the cost of product should not be too costly that is the cost of product should not be too large as compared to the revenue that is derived from them. The marketing needs must be unique so that they can be in position to capture a wider market so that customer can be able to change to the new brand in the market and thus increase the sales volume.   The segments must be stable so that the cost of maintaining the product is not too high than the returns that are derived from it.Industrial market segmentation is a segmentation that is used in guiding the industrial and business customers in their decision-making strategies.   The goal of these segmentation is to identify the customers in terms of whether they are potential customers so that their behavior can be identified so as to enable the marketers to identify the important issues that affect them directly .The factors that can affect them are: the prices, programs or solutions that can enable the company to increase their returns within a given period of time.( Haas, R.W. and Wotruba, T.R. 1983).Targeting refers to process of identifying segments that need to be addressed.   The companies tend to choose some segments and to downplay other segment because their aim is to look for segments that produce as much returns to the company as possible.   The target market involves people such as the end user companies’ procurement managers, company houses contracting companies and the external sales agents.Target audience involves individuals that influence the purchasing decision but they do not buy the product such individuals involves design engineers, architects, project managers, and the operational managers. The target markets can be identified by looking at customers who have similar needs so that the produces can channel their efforts to products that are beneficial to the customers and they suit their tastes a nd preferences.Positioning involves advertising the product value to customers so as to increase the products sales volume. Positions are described using various variables and using parameters that are essential to a customer.   The customers position a product in relation to the brand or product that is within their reach.   Thus it is important for the marketers to conduct a research about how the customers rate different products and their marketing variables so that they can increase their sales volume. The markers need to improve on their marketing variables so that they can improve on their marketing strategies because the customers can determine the success of the business.   The marketers should set up strategies which are geared to having a portfolio that can ensure that their product compete with.Positioning involves how people perceive a product that is in the market.   The products or services provide a map that enables the marketers to identify which characteris tics can be compared and contrasted to another product that is competing with it so as to put in place mechanisms that will enable them to compete effectively with their rivals.Market segmentation is therefore necessary because it enables markets of different sizes to compete effectively since markets are divided based on their segments thus the small companies can be able to compete with the bigger companies since their scale of production is limited due to their size and the shelves where goods are displayed can not be in a position to accommodate all kinds of goods unlike the big companies whose economies of scale is high due to their size.REFERENCESApproaches†, (1980) Marketing Science Institute, Working Paper #80-105 Cambridge,Mass.Haas, R.W. and Wotruba, T.R. (1983). Marketing Management: Concepts, PracticeAnd Cases. Pleno, Texas: Business Publications, Inc.Kotler, P. (1976) Marketing Management (3rd. Ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.McKenna, R. (1988) â€Å"Marketing in the Age of Diversity†, Harvard Business Review,Vol 66, September-October.Pine, J. (1993) â€Å"Mass Customizing Products and Services†, Planning Review, Vol 22, July-August,Steenkamp and Ter Hofstede (2002)†International Market Segmentation issues andPerspectives†, Intern’s of Market Research Vol19, 185-285Wedel, Michael and Wagner A.Kamakura (2000) Market Segmentation Conceptual andMethodological Foundations Amsterdam: Kluwer

Bmw Films Essay

Where the BMW films a good idea? How successful was the campaign? In my opinion, the BMW films where a great idea at that specific moment in time. The company had no new product launches to promote. Furthermore, budget was available in order to â€Å"experiment† new ideas and innovative advertising and promotion actions. With this pure branding exercise BMW had little to lose (mainly money) and a huge deal to win. The campaign proved to be an incredibly successful one. In order to measure and justify this effectiveness I have chosen to highlight the following reasons: †¢Number of people who watched the BMW films: The films reached a great amount of people (aprox. 9 million viewers) in the early stages of the campaign. Furthermore, BMW had managed to capture the audience they were targeting †¢Feedback from the viewers: The positive feedback received proved to the marketing team that the campaign had been a success. Comments showed enthusiasm and in some cases even led to action. Feedback from the media: BMW achieved to generate the sufficient interest in order to receive praises from media publications that gave the initiative a â€Å"Hollywood movie† status. †¢Press activity: The marketing team was overwhelmed when they saw that the press activity was 10 times higher than expected. †¢Viral Campaign: One of the most unexpected achievements of the campaign was to produce a massive chain reaction amongst the viewers. 94% of viewers recommended the films to others. †¢Increase in sales: After the BMW films campaign, sales in 2001 increased almost 12% from the previous year. In this year BMW surpassed the 200,000 sold units barrier for the first time in North America. What was the motivation behind the idea? Given the opportunity to do pure branding the marketing team aimed at achieving through non-traditional promotion a memorable campaign that would remain in people’s minds for years to come. The motivation behind the campaign was to â€Å"refresh† the BMW brand by attracting the interest of a younger demographic segment and leave behind the traditionally yuppie customers related to the brand in previous years. The fact that the campaign was distributed through the Internet shows the commitment of the company to attract these younger customers. The key concepts that the campaign was trying to communicate were the excitement of driving, the performance of the BMW cars and the excitement related in driving the â€Å"Ultimate Driving Machine†. A key issue for the marketing team was also to explore new possibilities in terms of promotion and to achieve the highest impact possible amongst the target audience. The first mover advantage had been at the core of BMW’s campaigns and the BMW films were to be no exception to that rule. Who was the target market? What was the typical North American BMW customer? Is it the same as its competitor’s typical client? The â€Å"typical† BMW customer was about 46 years old with an average income of $150,000, well educate, married and with no children. Most importantly, 85% of BMW’s potential buyers were on the Internet before buying a BMW. Their customers saw driving as a pleasure and tended to be leaders. They enjoyed being in control. The competition was targeting different types of clients. The Japanese manufacturers such as Honda, Toyota and Nissan for example, were mainly targeting lower income level customers. As for the higher end brands such as Mercedes, Porsche and Jaguar they were targeting older customers with higher income level more focused on luxury and comfort. How healthy is the brand in the US compared to previous years? What are the weaknesses? At this point in time the BMW brand was healthier than ever before in the US market. In this period, out of the people that intended to buy a luxury brand, 16% said they would buy a BMW against 11% that intended to buy a Mercedes. This represented a significant turning point in BMW’s operations in the US. The strongest weakness I perceive in the BMW brand is the fact that it relates to people who are passionate about driving and look for the excitement of being in control of a car. Furthermore, I believe it is people who tend to be willing to maximize the cars attributes in order to experiment the whole experience the car can provide. In this sense, the brand is perishable, as customers tend to look for other attributes such as comfort; reliability and prestige tend to focus on other brands such as Mercedes or Jaguar. What should McDowell do? Which option is the correct one? In the short term I would recommend McDowell to produce a few more short films in order to take advantage of the momentum created by the previous films. However, this strategy would not be sustainable in the long term as the competition would start copying this format and the effectiveness of the campaign would be diluted. What I would suggest in the long term would be to organize events in the major US cities that would reinforce the BMW Films concept but more personalized towards the customers. The idea behind this would be to create a lasting bond between both parties. In order to achieve a good segmentation of customers to attend these special events I would use the www. bmwfils. com web page to select (through the previously provided information by the customers) the ones that perfectly fit the brands criteria and the ones that have the most potential of becoming BMW customers. Assuming that BMW in the short term will have new products to launch and that the advertising budget will still be low in comparison with competitors, I believe that these events would be a perfect follow up to the BMW films campaign and that expectation would be created amongst the specialized media. Furthermore, not only would BMW be innovating in non-traditional advertising and promotion formats but they would also have the capability of specifically targeting potential customers. In this way BMW would continue to expand on the BMW Films idea but in this case the customers will perceive that they are the ones at the wheels of the â€Å"ultimate Driving Machine†.