Communication Strategies in Nursery Settings

Correspondence Strategies in Nursery Settings This article will investigate the significance of compelling correspondence methodologies inside nursery settings; additionally featuring potential obstructions which could be looked by specialists and supervisors. It will likewise be talking about the advantages of staff evaluations, alongside execution systems for examinations, complaint and disciplinary methodology. Work procedures will likewise be examined inside this article, with specific reference to strategies which must be set up inside nurseries; in consistence with national gauges. Compelling administration inside a setting is significant as â€Å"the nature of the executives is one of the most significant components in the achievement of any organisation† (Mullins, 2010, P.786). So as to turn into a compelling administrator foundation information and comprehension of specific territories is required. Correspondence happens inside the day by day running of a nursery through a wide range of structures, including; verbal and non-verbal correspondence. Anyway correspondence might be misread by the recipient if the communicator’s outward appearances, non-verbal communication or absence of eye to eye connection is deluding; a decent association between the communicator and beneficiary is basic as it guarantee the message is gotten accurately. Successful correspondence guarantees great working practice and an inviting climate inside settings for professionals, youngsters and guardians. â€Å"Communication is hence a focal segment of successful business operations† (Hargle, et al, 2004). In spite of the fact that directors must practice great relational abilities with their staff group, it is a two-way process requiring all members to adequately rehearse these aptitudes; guaranteeing positive results. Anyway this isn't generally conceivable, as certain members are not continually ready to tune in to or acknowledge others thoughts or sentiments. By turning out to be dynamic listeners’ people are intentionally rehearsing powerful listening aptitudes and advancing great practice; anyway this may not generally occur in every day practice, as nature assumes a significant job in viable correspondence. On the off chance that the setting is occupied or not all individuals from staff are in a similar region, correspond ence would in this manner be increasingly troublesome; bringing about certain messages not being passed on or overlooked. There are three general classes for correspondence; forceful, emphatic and detached. Great administrators and pioneers expect to be decisive communicators, to guarantee the objective is reached yet additionally guaranteeing all gatherings feel esteemed. Though uninvolved and forceful correspondence are not successful types of correspondence for pioneers and directors; as aloof communicators don't prefer to put their thoughts advance and oblige others to evade strife. Forceful communicators are â€Å"generally seen as narrow minded and reluctant to compromise† (About.com, 2012). These will shape obstructions to powerful correspondence as certain beneficiaries won't tune in to forceful interchanges, as they may feel they are being directed to. The capacity to direct professionals through circumstances which may emerge guarantees powerful administration and positive results for kids. In spite of the fact that directors are required to actualize new prerequisites, for example, the transformed EYFS, numerous individuals from staff may not be OK with the change. â€Å"Effective pioneers comprehend that any authoritative change can majorly affect the lives of those included or influenced by it† (Rood, 2006, P.186). The initiative continuum, created by Tannenbaum and Schmidt, shows â€Å"a scope of activity identified with the level of power utilized by the director and to the zone of opportunity accessible to non-supervisors in showing up at decisions† (Mullins, 2007, P.372). Viable initiative enables staff individuals to move in the direction of a common objective, accomplishing positive results for youngsters, specialists and the setting. To accomplish this, pioneers must move others through positive job display ing, coordinated effort, open-finished discussion and support. Isabelle Albanese’s 4 Cs of correspondence are cognizance, validity, association and infectiousness. â€Å"The 4Cs rapidly give a pocket device to assess the viability of each sort of communication† (PMP, 2014); guaranteeing correspondence is exact, comprehended, enrapturing and advancing in accomplishing objectives. In this manner by utilizing the 4 Cs supervisors and specialists the same can concentrate on fundamental data inside their correspondence, guaranteeing the viable running of the nursery. Examinations are typically completed inside nursery settings on a yearly premise, so as to talk about assess and track individual practitioner’s execution, progress and future desire; with specific reference to preparing needs and future expert targets. The examination structure gives an archived record of what has been talked about by the board and staff individuals, with a marked duplicate of individual activity targets concurred by all gatherings engaged with the procedure. It should likewise conform to the UK Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006, which expresses that â€Å"It is unlawful to separate, bother or defraud work candidates, representatives or learners on the grounds of age† (Compact law, 1996-2014); all correspondence recorded in the evaluation procedure ought not victimize the person because of their age, race, religion or inability. The board preparing on the most proficient method to convey successful evaluation is gainful as it guarantees the executives are inspiring their staff to arrive at their maximum capacity; while inadequate examinations will cause experts to feel demotivated in their activity job. Successful evaluation frameworks must quantify, discussion and plan singular turn of events and targets, creating helpful input in the two headings (Hay, 2008). Evaluations likewise offer professionals the opportunity to voice their feelings and thoughts on the running of the nursery; in this way chiefs must be available to thoughts and assessments of their staff so as to keep up positive working connections and improve their setting to the greatest advantage of staff and kids. Evaluations are an opportunity for the two directors and professionals to raise any worries they may have over working practice, while additionally thinking about their own presentation inside their job; both positive and negative. Any way a few experts may consider evaluations to be an opportunity for the board to be negative and rundown issues they may have; in this way it is basic for directors to consider the perspectives and assessments of professionals, and offer useful focuses for upgrades. â€Å"New staff ought to be given duplicates of arrangements and techniques as a component of the acceptance procedure and allowed the chance to examine them with their line manager† (Daly, et al, 2009, P.287).This ought to incorporate the nursery’s examination strategy, and ought to be effectively available for experts to get to when they require. The strategy ought to obviously state what is normal from the two professionals and the board during the evaluation procedure. Representatives are frequently required to round out an examination structure preceding gathering with the board, where they can ponder their own activity execution. It is significant for directors to furnish specialists with the last year’s evaluation, to permit them to ponder whether they have accomplished their very own advancement targets; additionally allowing them to finish targets they may feel they haven’t accomplished. Anyway it could be contended that self-evaluation ought to b e constant practice consistently, so as to keep up elevated requirements of care and learning for the youngsters. â€Å"Self-evaluation ought not exclusively be viewed as a component of the examination procedure. It is additionally, in a pretty much casual way, an ordinary element of nursery work† (Sadek and Sadek, 2004, P.140). Execution evaluations are a decent apparatus in recognizing specific people who are advancing great in their activity job, and who might be qualified to advance to the following compensation and employment level; inside some greater nurseries. They likewise demonstrate advantageous in propelling people inside their job, through customized conversation and advancement targets. â€Å"Managers of powerful settings give scholarly incitement to their staff, alongside deferential individualized support† (Miller, et al, 2012, P.288). In spite of the fact that the examination procedure gives a private customized time where people can talk about their interests with supervisors, it is significant for administrators to address any relevant issues with staff as they emerge. This along these lines guarantees that issues are settle rapidly and adequately, as opposed to being left to heighten. Anyway this isn't generally conceivable inside bigger nurseries whether staff individuals don't generally come into contact with the board. Like the evaluation strategy the disciplinary and complaints techniques must be plainly set out inside an approach, and kept in an effectively open spot for workers to allude to as required. These methods guarantee the wellbeing and security of all staff in the setting; as per the ACAS code of training and current enactment, including the Employment Act 2008. They give â€Å"clear and straightforward structures to managing troubles which may emerge as a major aspect of the working connections from either the businesses or representatives perspective† (CIPD, 2014). The strategies should likewise set out what is normal from staff individuals, according to their direct; hence attempting to stay away from such issues; anyway this isn't generally conceivable. Issues which may emerge incorporate delay, ability, tormenting and execution of individual experts. Disciplinary and complaint strategies intend to manage these issues in house, without the inclusion of a council. The three phases of the disciplinary strategy are as per the following; giving a letter to the worker, a gathering among the executives and the representative and th

History of the Conflict In Sudan and the Role of the United Nations Ess

History of the Conflict In Sudan and the Role of the United Nations Presentation Sudan is Africa’s biggest state and has been engaged with struggle of different causes for shifting timeframes. The paper will follow the cause and advancement of Sudan’s two most huge wars: the north-south thoughtful war and the present clash in the Darfur area that is currently increasing universal reputation. Moreover, the UN System that is set up in Sudan will be dissected anatomically. At last the paper tries to uncover thoughts on what requirements to happen going ahead so as to improve the Darfur circumstance, just as recognize key wasteful aspects in the UN’s way to deal with conveying help. History of the Crises In Sudan Sudan is isolated between an Arabic, Muslim north and an African south which is to a great extent Christian or animist. Pressure between these two real factors has made Sudan know just 11 years of harmony since picking up freedom from 1956. The unsteadiness welcomed on by Sudan’s autonomy started to come to fruition in the months paving the way to triumph over colonization. Southern soldiers got frightful of mastery by the north and started to insurrection. The southern insurrections were put down yet following freedom difficulty in the south proceeded as an agitator bunch known as the Anya-Nya savagely looked for either self-sufficiency or through and through progression. Endeavors of the Anya-Nya proceeded until 1972 when President Numeiry of Sudan marked the Addis Ababa accord with the agitators bringing about three regions inside Southern Sudan that were given a noteworthy level of self-rule. Following this advancement exchange, harmony fell over Sudan up to 1983 when Pres ident Numeiry changed his position wherein he not just founded Islamic law in the nation... ...://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp. â€Å"United Nations System in Sudan: Data Pack.† http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=FAO http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=OCHA http://news.amnesty.org/list/engafr540042003. â€Å"Sudan: Urgent call for Commission of Request in Darfur as circumstance deteriorates.† http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=OHCHR http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNHCR http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNDP http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNFPA http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNICEF http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNIDO http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=UNMAS http://www.unsudanig.org/framework/index.jsp?agency=WHO http://news.amnesty.org/pages/sudan â€Å"Civilians Under Threat In Darfur.†

Profile of Toni Morrison, Nobel Prize Winning Novelist

Profile of Toni Morrison, Nobel Prize Winning Novelist Toni Morrison (February 18, 1931, to August 5, 2019) was an American writer, editorial manager, and instructor whose books concentrated on the experience of dark Americans, especially accentuating dark womens involvement with an out of line society and the quest for social character. In her composition, she shrewdly utilized dream and legendary components alongside sensible delineations of racial, sexual orientation and class struggle. In 1993, she turned into the main African American lady to be granted the Nobel Prize in Literature. Quick Facts: Toni Morrison Known For: American author, editorial manager, and educatorAlso Known As: Chloe Anthony Wofford (given name at birth)Born: February 18, 1931 in Lorain, OhioDied: August 5, 2019 in The Bronx, New York City (pneumonia)Parents: Ramah and George WoffordEducation: Howard University (BA), Cornell University (MA)Noted Works: The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon, Beloved, Jazz, ParadiseKey Awards: Pulitzer Prize for fiction (1987), Nobel Prize in Literature (1993), Presidential Medal of Freedom (2012)Spouse: Harold MorrisonChildren: children Harold Ford Morrison, Slade MorrisonNotable Quote: â€Å"If you’re going to hold somebody down you’re must hang on by the opposite finish of the chain. You are kept by your own repression.† Alongside the Nobel Prize, Morrison won the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award in 1988 for her 1987 novel Beloved, and in 1996, she was chosen for the Jefferson Lecture, the U.S. government’s most noteworthy respect for accomplishment in the humanities. On May 29, 2012, she was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama. Early Life, Education, and Teaching Career Toni Morrison was conceived Chloe Anthony Wofford in Lorain, Ohio, on February 18, 1931, to Ramah and George Wofford. Growing up during the monetary hardship of the Great Depression, Morrison’s father, a previous tenant farmer, worked at three occupations to help the family. It was from her family that Morrison acquired her profound gratefulness for all parts of dark culture. Morrison earned Bachelor of Arts degrees from Howard University in 1952 and a Masters certificate from Cornell University in 1955. After school, she changed her first name to Toni and educated at Texas Southern University until 1957. From 1957 to 1964, she instructed at Howard University, where she wedded Jamaican planner Harold Morrison. Before separating in 1964, the couple had two children together, Harold Ford Morrison and Slade Morrison. Among her understudies at Howard were future Civil Rights Movement pioneer Stokely Carmichael and Claude Brown, creator of Manchild in the Promised Land. In 1965, Toni Morrison went to fill in as an editorial manager at book distributer Random House, turning into the primary dark lady senior proofreader in the fiction office in 1967. In the wake of coming back to educating at State University of New York at Albany from 1984 to 1989, she instructed at Princeton University until she resigned in 2006. Composing Career While filling in as a senior editorial manager at Random House, Morrison likewise began sending her own compositions to distributers. Her first novel, The Bluest Eye, was distributed in 1970 when Morrison was 39. Bluest Eye recounted to the account of a misled youthful dark young lady whose fixation on her concept of white excellence drove her aching for blue eyes. Her subsequent novel, Sula, delineating the companionship between two dark ladies, was distributed in 1973, while she was instructing at State University of New York. While instructing at Yale in 1977, Morrison’s third novel, Song of Solomon, was distributed. The book increased basic and mainstream recognition, winning the 1977 National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction. Her next novel, Tar Baby, investigating the contentions of race, class, and sex, was distributed in 1981 and prompted her being acknowledged as an individual from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Morrison’s first play, Dreaming Emmett, about the 1955 lynching of dark young person Emmett Till, debuted in 1986. The Beloved Trilogy Distributed in 1987, Morrison’s most commended novel, Beloved, was enlivened by the biography of Margaret Garner, an oppressed African American lady. Staying on the New York Times smash hit list for 25 weeks, Beloved won the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In 1998, Beloved was made into an element film featuring Oprah Winfrey and Danny Glover.â The second book in what Morrison called her â€Å"Beloved trilogy,† Jazz, turned out in 1992. Written in a style impersonating the rhythms of jazz music, Jazz delineates an adoration triangle during New York City’s Harlem Renaissance time of the 1920s. Basic approval from Jazz brought about Morrison turning into the main African American lady to be granted the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993. Distributed in 1997, the third book of Morrison’s Beloved set of three, Paradise, centers around the residents of an anecdotal all-dark town. In proposing that Beloved, Jazz, and Paradise ought to be perused all together, Morrison clarified, â€Å"The calculated association is the quest for the adored the piece of the self that is you, and cherishes you, and is consistently there for you.† In her 1993 Nobel Prize acknowledgment discourse, Morrison clarified the wellspring of her motivation to portray the dark experience by recounting to the account of an old, visually impaired, dark lady who is stood up to by a gathering of dark youngsters who ask her, â€Å"Is there no setting for our lives? No tune, no writing, no sonnet loaded with nutrients, no history associated with experience that you can go along to assist us with beginning solid? †¦ Think of our lives and reveal to us your particularized world. Make up a story.† Last Years and the Writing of Home In her later life, Morrison composed children’s books with her more youthful child, Slade Morrison, a painter and an artist. When Slade kicked the bucket of pancreatic malignancy in December 2010, one of Morrison’s last books, Home, was half-finished. She said at that point, â€Å"I quit composing until I started to figure, he would be truly put out in the event that he imagined that he had made me stop. ‘Please, Mom, Im dead, would you be able to prop up . . . ?’† Morrison did â€Å"keep on going† and completed Home, committing it to Slade. Distributed in 2012, Home recounts to the account of a dark Korean War veteran living in the isolated United States of the 1950s, who battles to spare his sister from fierce clinical tests performed on her by a supremacist white specialist. In a 2008 meeting with NPR’s Michel Martin, Morrison tended to the fate of prejudice: â€Å"Racism will vanish when [it is] not, at this point gainful and not, at this point mentally valuable. At the point when that occurs, it’ll be gone.† Today, Oberlin College, in Oberlin, Ohio, is the home of the Toni Morrison Society, a universal scholarly society committed to educating, perusing, and investigating crafted by Toni Morrison. Toni Morrison kicked the bucket at age 88 from difficulties of pneumonia at the Montefiore Medical Center in The Bronx, New York City, on August 5, 2019. Refreshed by Robert Longley Sources and Further Reference .†Toni Morrison Fast Factsâ€Å" CNN Library. (August 6, 2019).Duvall, John N. (2000). â€Å".†The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-23402-7.Fox, Margalit (August 6, 2019). â€Å".†Toni Morrison, Towering Novelist of the Black Experience, Dies at 88 The New York Times.Ghansah, Rachel Kaadzi (April 8, 2015). â€Å".†The Radical Vision of Toni Morrison The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331..†Ghosts in the House: How Toni Morrison Fostered a Generation of Black Writersâ€Å" The New Yorker. October 27, 2003.

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on College Essay Samples Yale

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on College Essay Samples Yale Characteristics of College Essay Samples Yale Utilizing an acceptance calculator will help you discover your odds of getting into the schools at the very top of your list so that you understand how to up your odds. Please be aware that in case the shipping address is incorrect and the order was shipped, based on the shipping option selected we might not be in a position to modify the shipping address until the order was returned. It isn't hard to get overwhelmed by the numbers. There are lots of numbers to consider. If you're looking for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. The absolute most typical interview questions are simple enough to locate on the internet, and even a single 30-minute practice interview is likely to make the relative strength of your answers immediately apparent. Be mindful to prevent any controversial statements. 35 words isn't a great deal of words, particularly when it comes to a concept as broad as inspiration. Learn more on the subject of essay length. The Hidden Treasure of College Essay Samples Yale The Yale essays cover a wide array of topics. It is trying to gauge your unique interests. From your research, you must have produce specific explanations for why Yale is an excellent school for you. Yale is among the only universities that make it possible for you to try-out your classes before you finalize your schedule. You're able to easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. While it's true that there are a few excellent writers in college some find it extremely challenging to write. Writing is a present that comes naturally. Every school and program differs. Students commonly want to learn what portion of the college application carries the most weight. Great grades and test scores aren't enough you require an outstanding college essay too. For example, Yale's residential college process is quite unique and produces a different campus life experience than most universities. Too many college applicants feel they must write about something profound, some wonderful accomplishment, or some experience that is really unique. At the close of the day, it's about grants. Some people don't need to take any classes. Universities are continuously attempting to assess fit in the exact way their applicants are. Don't attempt to emulate what you feel the committee would like to hear or attempt to act like someone you're not. Admissions officers are working to find out more about you as an individual, not only the source of your inspiration. These are normally written by somebody who's very acquainted with the applicant. You may be wondering what you can possibly write about to stick out from different applicants with this kind of a brief assignment. After you've thought of an overall topic, get online and look up a couple of articles about the problems. The Coalition Essay Prompts are linked Here, together with a comparison of the 2 sites. The very best strategy is to stay relaxed and focused. Discuss how you could be similar or different from the bigger group. Even though there isn't a length-limit on those elements, it's most effective to keep it short and sweet to make sure the whole submission is viewed. Regardless of what, you will want to prove that you appreciate the community. So many men and women come and go from Ify's life and can't last the whole journey. A 13-minute mile is definitely not athletic heroism. Just bear in mind that 100 words isn't lots of space, so you might be in a position to express more in the event that you choose one subject rather than three.

Computer Systems Mac Os Essay - 905 Words

The next operating system used in a lot of computer systems is the Apple Macintosh OS. The Apple Macintosh OS can be found in Mac computers, MacBook Pros and Air. The first Mac OS called system 1 was released in 1984. After that apple then released system 2-6 between 1984 and 1988. System 5 brought forth MultiFinder a software that â€Å"could run several programs at once†(apple.wika.com). Apple then released system 7 in 1991. System 7 was a major upgrade in the Mac OS development and was also the longest running OS in apple history. The next Mac OS was the Mac OS X 08; the Mac OS 8 came with a redesigned GUI. â€Å"Mac OS 8 also saw the introduction of an updated version of HFS, HFS+, which fixed many of the limitations of the earlier system† (apple.wikia.com). Mac OS 9 was released in 1999; this was the last of the Mac OS. The new century came with the introduction of the Mac OS X, which replaced the Mac OS. The â€Å"OS X adds the Carbon libraries to allow older pro gramming paradigms from the System 7.x core to be run under OS X and gain many of the benefits of this modern OS core† (apple.wikia.com). The first version of Mac OS X 10 called Cheetah was released in 2001. After that numerous versions of the Mac OS X was release, most of them named after animals. The latest Mac OS X called Yosemite was released in 2014. After the Mac OS X 10.6 users could download the new OS via the apple website or store. Just like Windows, Mac OS has very interesting system architectural design. TheShow MoreRelatedMac Os X And Windows Operating System1338 Words   |  6 PagesThe advent of the Mac OS X and Windows Operating System, have revolutionized how we interact with computers. They have enormously increased our productivity in the work place, improved our efficiency, as well as accurately predicting the future of technology and the potential of innovation. Choosing one over the other, is chiefly a matter of personal preference. Although, fans and users alike, tend to share sentimental opinions on why one is better than the other. Their distinct qualities, make itRead More3 Platform Research Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesServer: Windows Server is a server operating system from Microsoft Corporation. Windows Server offers ease of management through its interface. The Windows Sever web hosting environment supports major Web programming languages and databases such as PHP, MySQL, ASP.NET and MS SQL. Unix (Linux) Server: Unix is a registered trademark of  The Open Group  that refers to a family of computer operating systems. Officially licensed Unix operating systems include OS X (Apple), Solaris (Oracle), AIX (IBM), IRIXRead MoreStatistical Analysis Website For It Industry- Statcounter1112 Words   |  5 Pagesmost popular OS from October 2014 to October 2015. The next most popular six operating systems were Windows 8.1, WinXP (WinXP had no longer renewed by the time this paper was writing), Mac OS X, Windows 8, Windows Vista and Linux. In order to confirm our finding, we further analyzed statistical data from another web company – netmarketshare. It is a website that could provide users the market share of different operating systems, web browsers etc. The result for different operating systems of their marketRead MoreOperating System And The Computer System Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: An operating system is a vital component of the computer system. The common and simple devices like refrigerators and microwave ovens does not have an operating system. The complex systems which handle several components, functions and processes usually have an operating system. The operating system is like the brain of a human being, the brain is an essential organ in the body of human being which sends signals and helps functioning of the human body. Our intelligence, attitude, emotionsRead MoreSystems Software And Application Programs1524 Words   |  7 PagesExplain what an operating system does. The (OS) operating system is the best example of system software. An operating system manages a computer’s hardware and software and provides sources for computer programs. Most application programs require an operating system to function. There are numerous operating systems (OS) one may choose to install on their computer. Each OS will have different looks and functions that differ from the others. Windows 10 is a popular OS that is used widely aroundRead MoreComparison of Mac Vs. PC Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesHello Im a Mac, and Im a PC (Wikipedia). Many people who watch television or online videos might come across the Get a Mac advertisement campaign launched by Apple Inc. personifying the more youthful Justin Long as the cool, hip Mac system and the older, more seasoned John Hodgman as the PC. The Get a Mac commercial series depicts the efficiency and user friendliness of Mac while comparing it to the problematic PC. Though the commercial series might seem convi ncing in favor of the Mac productsRead MoreWindows Xp Architecture vs. Mac Os X Architecture1287 Words   |  6 PagesWindows XP vs. Mac OS X Architecture Kurt Luchtman POS420 Irene Giouvanos May 29th 2006 When looking at the interface of the Mac OS X Operating System and the Microsoft Windows XP operating system many similarities can be seen. The most obvious is the use of blue in the interface. In the core of the systems they both have a micro kernel which addresses thread management, space management and other communications at the system level and is more resistant to attacks from a virus. Mac OS X is a powerfulRead MoreDifference Between Mac And Pc1080 Words   |  5 PagesDifference between Mac and Pc The world we live in today is getting very radical changes since the invention of computer. And from time to time lots of changes have come in this field. Mac and Pc is the most popular computer. They both have some different feature from each other in contrast software and hardware. Let’s start with knowing what exactly these two computers are. Mac Macintosh or mostly known as Mac was invented by Apple Company in January 24, 1984. Steve jobs invented Mac, and since thatRead MoreExplain The Purpose Of An Operating System937 Words   |  4 PagesExplain the purpose of an Operating System: Operating Systems manage hardware and provide services for application software; this means that it makes it easier for users to interact with different software and hardware available on the computer. The most common operating systems are Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. While each OS is different, they all provide a graphical user interface GUI a GUI allows users to click and drag objects with a mouse instead of entering text at a command line. CharacteristicsRead MoreDeploying an Operation System Within Your Organization Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesDEPLOYING AN OPERATING SYSTEM WITHIN YOUR ORGANIZATION An operating system accomplishes the following tasks: interaction between computer and user, providing an environment of which programs operate, and manages files. Yet, each operating system does it its own way. Hence, it is advantageous to know the pros and cons of each operating system before a decision is made. Any kind of operating system can be utilized in most environments; its just a matter of difficulty supporting it regarding maintenance

The Sword And Shield Metaphor - 898 Words

Audience Driven, Comedian Approved Richard Pryor once said, â€Å"There’s a thin line between to laugh with and to laugh at† (A-Z Quotes). Leon Rappoport, a professor at Kansas State University, believed in the same thin line as Pryor. Rappoport received his BA and MS at New York University, and completed his PhD in 1963 at the University of Colorado(Kansas State University). He studied psychological sciences, and concentrated his studies in decision making and human judgment, even writing a book called Punchlines: The Case for Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Humor (Kansas State University). In another book, The Sword and Shield Metaphor and Other Perspectives, Rappoport claims that humor depends on how the audience receives humor. The audience can either be on the side of the audience that is getting laughed at, or they can be on the side of the audience that is laughing with other people. In the sword and shield metaphor the audience faces two contrasting sides that deal with stereotype humor. The f irst side is the sword. The sword represents a weapon designed to mock and insult minority groups. The second side is the shield, which can be represented to serve the interests of minority groups. The shield side of the metaphor can be used in an effective way by minorities as a way to claim pride in their identity. Together, these two sides can either offend a group, or make them laugh. For example, Rappoport includes a joke to further prove that a joke can be offensive,Show MoreRelatedEphesians : Historical Background For Passage Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesSatan the opposite, a lie. Put on the breastplate of righteousness. In a suit of armor, the breastplate protects the soldier’s heart and other important organs. Without a breastplate, a soldier could easily be killed with a blow from the enemy’s sword. Being righteous is being perfect or without sin. God is righteous. The only way for us to be righteous is by having faith in God’s son, Jesus, who died to have all our sins taken away. When we put our faith in Jesus, we then have placed our breastplateRead MoreBeowulf Quote Discussion Essay980 Words   |  4 Pages49-58) The night after the day of Grendel’s first attack, some of Hrothgar’s warriors fled Herot’s halls. The wisest fled-knowing that if they sought refuge someplace away from Herot, Grendel would not be able to reach them and kill them. Using the metaphor â€Å"Distance was safety† (Beowulf 57), Hrothgar describes the correlation between survival and those who had the wisdom and foresight to flee Herot before the next nightfall. With Hrothgar declaring that â€Å"Hate had triumphed† (Beowulf 58), Hate is employedRead More Beowulf Papers850 Words   |  4 PagesGeats for fifty years of happiness and prosperity and in turn, made a name for himself that will be remembered for centuries to come. A hero always fights to win but it not unfair in battle. For example, Beowulf could have fought Grendel with a sword and made the battle much easier for himself because Grendel, In his recklessness cares not for weapons (Norton, 32). Beowulf would rather have a fair battle so he uses his special strength, courage and ability and he wins, like a hero does. ARead MoreA Skittle of Milk2741 Words   |  11 PagesANALYSIS IN MRS TILSCHERS CLASS â€Å"a skittle of milk† The metaphor, â€Å"skittle of milk,† is very effective. The inclusion of the detail of, â€Å"milk,† is particularly effective. The white colour of the milk reflects the purity and innocent mind of the persona. Highlighting that Duffy is in her youth and is inexperienced. The comparison of milk bottles to skittles is also effective. It reminds us of games played at school highlighting how innocent the poet was. This shows how enjoyable school was forRead MoreAnalysis Of Ah Are You Digging On My Grave 878 Words   |  4 Pagesit come to the way they say things in their poems. Most poets don’t just come out and say what they are going to say. They seem to write about something totally off topic but then you understand what they are talking about. They are almost long metaphors, which aren’t very easy to understand. They also say someing in the way they write the poem. The structure is very important. They place things in certain ways or at certain times and you don’t really think about it unless you read the poem deeplyRead MoreDulce et Decorum Est, by Wilfred Owen and the poem To Lucasta, on Going to the Wars, by Richard Lovelace,1121 Words   |  5 Pagesstanzas containing four lines each. It is short and easy to read, and light and energetic rhythm is achieved by alternating from iambic tetrameter to iambic trimeter. The structure reflects dynamics of the plot, for example by the line â€Å"A sword, a horse, a shield† which itself reminds the rhythm of a march or a horse’s jogging. At the same time, the poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† is much longer and consists of four stanzas with eight, six, two and twelve lines, respectively. Different rhyme patternsRead MoreLexical Stylistic Devices1743 Words   |  7 PagesLEXICAL STYLISTIC DEVICES Metaphor Genuine metaphors Trite(dead) metaphors Metonymy Metonymy Metonymy is the substitution of one word for another with which it is associated: ‘The White House said†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (the American government) ; the press (newspapers and magazines); the cradle(infancy, place of origin);the grave(death); The hall applauded; The marble spoke; The kettle is boiling; I am fond of Agatha Christie; We didn’t speak because there were ears all around us; He was about a sentence away fromRead More Women in The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven by Sherman Alexie1404 Words   |  6 Pagesof their own land, the women have been there to bless the shields of fellow warriors, and to fight as well. However, the fight has grown heavy as they are pushed further into their designated corners;, or reservations. In the Fun House; story, the metaphor of the womans beaded dress symbolizes this struggle. She has made this intricate and traditional beaded dress that ends up being too heavy for anyone to wear. Its just like the sword in the stone?When a woman comes along who can carry theRead MoreCanada s Laws Should Be Unbiased And Non Discriminatory3047 Words   |  13 Pagesand it is neutral (Barrera, pgs. 2-6). Lady Justice wears a blindfold to avoid bias this means she does not look at individual characteristics such as gender. She also carries a sword, scale and a shield. The sword is used to fend the evil away, whereas, the scale is used to balance the competing ideas and finally the shield is used to protect everyone (Barrera, pg.3). However, the way the legal system was structured was really problematic for homosexual individuals, this does not mean that it is stillRead MoreThe Chimera of Ethnic Humour1306 Words   |  6 Pagesbe comprehended in a different light. The Jewish would take the joke from someone within their group and enjoy it because of a sense of pride, connecting Jewish life to elevated expectancy they would be happy to be known for (Qtd. In Rapport. The Sword 1). This analysis that Leveen gives sheds light on how it is feasible for ethnic jokes to have many different meanings; depending on the content, teller and audience of the joke. Thus creating humour from one joke in various different ways depending

Disneys Effect On Society And Culture Essay Example For Students

Disneys Effect On Society And Culture Essay For nearly seven decades Corporate Disney has dazzled its audiences; generation after generation have been entertained through avenues ranging from movies to elaborate theme parks. While many find this massive establishment to be a significant part of American culture and welcome the Disney spirit with open arms, one man in particular looks past the hype and into his own theory of the Disney Corporation. Carl Hiaasen, a journalist for the Miami Herald, paints a witty and sarcastic portrait in this nonfiction account of a company. Hiaasen critizises the company for manifesting evil, enveloping perfection to a sickening extent, and who’s sole purpose is to inhale as much money as feasibly possible. The book opens with Times Square-an area home to many things: MTV, Morgan Stanley, the worlds largest Mariot Hotel, the Ford Center for the Performing Arts, and Peep Land, as well as the glittering new Disney Store. Hiaasen provides an interesting perspective, claiming Disney is out to â€Å"vanquish sleaze in its unholiest fountainhead, Times Square. (2) While to some this intrusion of the new Disney Store is obtrusive, to many it is the beginning of a turn around for this otherwise less than clean, corrupt area within our society called Times Square. Hiaasen continues his bleak opinion of the company by claiming, â€Å"Disney is so good at being good that it manifests an evil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (37) Carl Hiaasen is searching in every avenue possible to find fault in the impressive empire. Manifesting his own conceptual evil from within the company. In the same way that Hiaasen criticizes good versus evil, or the conglomeration of the two, he also condemns the way Disney envelops perfection. He writes, †¦so uniformly efficient and courteous, so dependably clean and conscientious, so unfailingly entertaining that it’s unreal, and therefore is an agent of pure wickedness. Imagine promoting a universe in which raw Nature doesn’t fit because it doesn’t measure up; isn’t safe enough, accessible enough, predictable enough for company standards. Disney isn’t in the business of exploiting nature so much as striving to improve upon it, constantly fine tuning God’s work. (37) The interesting thing here is that these days not too many corporations are criticized for striving too high. Furthermore, wanting to improve on God’s work is a charge that has been made against art and artists throughout history. Hiaasen also claims that Disney will likely soon devour the world; the very same way it has devoured this country, beginning with the children. Yet, targeting the youth of the world is a very popular and obviously effective marketing tool, used by many corporations. Hiaasen says, â€Å"snag the children and everybody else follows-parents, politicians even the press. †(10) Well what’s wrong with that? That’s how the marketing world works. Hiaasen continues his accusations by claiming Disney to be â€Å"a money-grubbing corporation. †(12) Larry Peterson, publisher for the FSCC, responds by saying, â€Å"No kidding Carl ! But a money-grubbing corporation is not an outrage; it is a redundancy. That’s what corporations do. † Peterson continues by claiming that â€Å"Hiaasen follows a kind of faux ‘investigative’ pattern throughout the book, slamming the corporation for being too good, too successful, then posing as the all-to-human curmudgeon. † Hiaasen is acting very much like a wet-blanket. He is whining while using an arrogantly sophisticated vocabulary about anything and everything possible. One could never be too good or too successful, a person must always strive for excellence. Success is the name of the game and the Disney Corporation has won. Peterson also claim â€Å"Hiaasen has hit one of America’s raw nerves with his new book. This is most definitely true. Disney has been as much a part of American culture for the past seven decades as a summer barbeque, or the World Series. It gets inside of a person whether in a negative way or more commonly than not in an extremely positive manner. In conclusion, Disney does not â€Å"devour the world. Disney may have swept America of her feet seven decades ago but as individuals in society, we have a choice to turn away from Disney, eyes wide shut, complaining about yet another â€Å"issue. † On the other hand people can turn towards Disney, eyes wide open, allowing a smile to envelop our faces.

Absalom and Achitophel free essay sample

For this opportunity he had been unconsciously preparing himself as a dramatist; and it was in the nature of things, and in accordance with the responsiveness of his genius to the calls made upon it by time and circumstance, that, in the season of a great political crisis, he should have rapidly perceived his chance of decisively influencing public opinion by an exposure of the aims and methods of the party of revolution. This he proposed to accomplish, not by a poetic summary of the rights of the case, or by a sermon in verse on the sins of factiousness, corruption and treason, but by holding up to the times and their troubles, with no magisterial air or dictatorial gesture, a mirror in which, under a happily contrived disgvise, the true friends and the real foes of their king and country should be recognised. This was the â€Å"Varronian† form of satire afterwards commended by him, with a well warranted self-consciousness, as the species, mixing serious intent with pleasant manner, to which, among the ancients, several of Lucian’s  Dialogues  and, among the moderns, the  Encomium Moriae  of Erasmus belong. We will write a custom essay sample on Absalom and Achitophel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Of the same kind is ‘Mother Hubberd’s Tale’; in Spenser, and (if it be not too vain to mention anything of my own) the poems of ‘Absalom’ and ‘MacFlecknoe. ’†Ã‚  78  |   Ã‚  52|   Ã‚  The political question at ssue, in the troubled times of which the names â€Å"whig† and â€Å"tory† still survive as speaking mementoes, was that of the succession of the Catholic heir to the throne, or of his exclusion in favour of some other claimant—perhaps the king’s son Monmouth, whom many believed legitimate (the Absalom of the poem). For many months, Shaftesbury, who, after serving and abandoning a succession of governments, had passed into opposition, had seemed to direct the storm. Two parliaments had been called in turn, and twice the Exclusion bill had been rejected by the lords. Then, as the whig leader seemed to have thrown all hesitation to the winds, and was either driving his party or being driven by it into extremities from which there was no return, a tremor of reaction ran through the land, the party round the king gathered confidence, and, evidence supposed sufficient to support the charge having been swept in, Shaftesbury was committed to the Tower on a charge of high treason. It was at this time of tension, while a similar charge was being actually pressed to the gallows against a humbler agent of faction (the â€Å"Protestant joiner† Stephen College), that Dryden’s great effort to work upon public opinion was made. Part  I  of  Absalom and Achitophel,  which seems to have been taken in hand quite early in 1681, was published on 17 November in that year. Shaftesbury, it is known, was then fearing for his life. A week later, in spite of all efforts to the contrary, the bill was ignored by the Middlesex grand jury. Great popular rejoicing followed, and a medal was struck in Shaftesbury’s honour, representing the sun emerging from the clouds, with the legendLaetamur. But, this momentary triumph notwithstanding, the game was all but up; and, within a few months, Monmouth, in his turn, was under arrest, and Shaftesbury a fugitive in Holland.   Ã‚  53|   Ã‚  Without a mention of this well known sequence of events, the fact might, perhaps, be overlooked that part  I  of  Absalom and Achitophel  79   is complete in itself, being intended to help in producing a direct result at a given moment, and that it is in no sense to be regarded as a mere instalment of a larger whole, or as an introduction to it. Part  II  was a mere afterthought, and, being only to a relatively small extent by Dryden, should, in the first instance, be left out of consideration. |   Ã‚  54|   Ã‚  Absalom and Achitophel  veils its political satire under the transparent disguise of one of the most familiar episodes of Old Testament history, which the existing crisis in English affairs resembled sufficiently to make the allegory apposite and its interpretation easy. The attention of the English public, and, more especially, that of the citizens of London, with whom the decision of the immediate political issue lay, was sure to be arrested by a series of characters whose names and distinctive features were borrowed from the Old Testament; and the analogy between Charles II’s and David’s early exile and final triumphant establishment on the throne was a commonplace of restoration poetry. Indeed, the actual notion of an adaptation of the story of Achitophel’s wiles as â€Å"the Picture of a wicked Politician† was not new to English controversial literature; in 1680, a tract entitled  Absalom’s Conspiracy  had dealt with the supposed intentions of Monmouth; and a satire published in 1681, only a few months before Dryden’s poem, had applied the name Achitophel, with some other opprobrious names, to Shaftesbury. For the rest, Dryden, with the  grandezza  habitual to him, was careless about fitting the secondary figures of his satire exactly with their Scriptural  aliases,  or boring the reader by a scrupulous fidelity or even consistency  80   of detail. |   Ã‚  55|   Ã‚  Absalom and Achitophel  remains the greatest political satire in our literature, partly because it is frankly political, and not intended, like  Hudibras,  by means of a mass of accumulated detail, to convey a general impression of the vices and follies, defects and extravagances, of a particular section or particular sections of the nation. With Dryden, every hit is calculated, and every stroke goes home; in each character brought on the scene, those features only are selected for exposure or praise which are of direct significance for the purpose in hand. It is not a satirical narrative complete in itself which is attempted; the real  denouement  of the piece falls not within, but outside, its compass; in other words, the poem was to lead up, as to an unavoidablesequitur,  to the trial and conviction of its hero. The satirist, after the fashion of a great parliamentary orator, has his subject and his treatment of it well in hand; through all the force of the invective and the fervour of the praise, there runs a consciousness of the possibility that the political situation may change. This causes a constant self-control and wariness in the author, who is always alive to his inspiration and never unmindful of his cue. Instead of pouring forth a stream of Aristophanic vituperation or boyish fun in the vein of Canning, he so nicely adapts the relations of the more important of his characters to the immediate issue that the treatment, both of the tempter Achitophel and of the tempted Absalom, admitted of manipulation when, before the appearance of the poem in a second edition,  81   the condition of affairs had changed. |   Ã‚  56|   Ã‚  Chapter and verse could, without difficulty, be found for every item in Johnson’s well known panegyric of  Absalom and Achitophel  in his  Life of Dryden. The incomparable brilliancy of its diction and versification are merits which, to be acknowledged, need only to be mentioned. Still, its supreme excellence lies in its descriptions of character, which, no doubt, owed something to his dramatic practice, and more to the development which this kind of writing had experienced during a whole generation of English prose literature, reaching its full height in Clarendon. Dryden’s exquisite etchings cannot be compared with the finest of the full-length portraits from the hand of the great historical writer; but, thanks, no doubt, in part, to the Damascene brightness and keenness into which the poet had tempered his literary instrument, and thanks, also, to the imaginative insight which, in him, the literary follower of the Stewarts, was substituted for the unequalled experience of their chosen adviser, Clarendon, the characters of the poem live in the memory with unequalled tenacity. How unmistakably is the pre-eminence of Achitophel among the opponents of the royal government signalised by his being commissioned, like his prototype  82   when charged with the temptation and corruption of mankind, to master the shaken virtue of Absalom! Yet, when the satire proceeds from the leader to the followers, what composite body of malcontents was ever analysed, even by a minister driven to bay, with surer discernment and more perfect insight? The honest whigs, the utilitarian radicals, the speculators who use party for their private ends, the demagogues and mob-orators who are the natural product of faction—all are there; but so, too, are the republicans on principle, headed by survivors of the fanatics who believed in their own theocracy. Of course, the numerical strength of the party is made up by the unthinking crowd that takes up a cry—in this case, the cry â€Å"No Popery. † Of the chiefs of the faction, for the most part, a few incisive lines, or even a damning epithet, suffice to dispose; but there are exceptions, suggested by public or by private considerations.

Beauty Perception

Beauty Perception Introduction Poets and thinkers have linked beauty with desirable qualities. This is a simplistic view in the contemporary society. The perception of attractiveness has changed over time. The evolution of attitudes has resulted from growth and development of economies, rise of sectors like the fashion industry and due to media influence.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Beauty Perception specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The change in perception of beauty has resulted into growth of employment opportunities and businesses. Currently, people can be employed as models who promote products that different companies manufacture. Nevertheless, the change in perception of beauty in the society has resulted into numerous problems. The perception of what beauty is has resulted into psychosocial problems and consumption disorders in the modern society (Aronson, Wilson Akert, 2010). Beauty is a term that is applied in numer ous situations. Beauty can be either inner or outer. Inner beauty relates to desirable qualities of an individual. Inner beauty defines the fine qualities of an individual. However, in the contemporary society, many people are not concerned with inner beauty. Instead, many people focus on outer beauty. Outer beauty relates to the physical or aesthetic appearance of a person. Hence, people with disfigurement may be considered as not beautiful. Outer beauty is admired. Perception of what makes physical beauty has changed and has been influenced by the media. This paper examines the role of beauty and the influence of the media in society. In addition, it examines the effects of emphasis on physical appearance. Finally, it provides recommendations on how the media can be used to de-emphasize the focus on aesthetic appearance. Role of beauty in the society Beauty plays numerous roles in society. It has considerable influence in people’s activities, beliefs, wellbeing, confidence and health. In addition, beauty has influence on the position of a person in the society. Beauty has influence in career growth of people. Beauty can assist an individual obtain a job and develop in a career. Despite advances that have been made in recruitment procedures, it has been noted that physical appearance influences human resource practices. Beauty, together with charm, can enable an individual be considered for an employment position. A beautiful person can be employed faster. Beauty is an economic feature in people’s professions. People with good appearance are also likely to earn more compared to less admirable colleagues. Furthermore, an attractive individual can be employed and be promoted faster. Pleasant appearance provides considerable results in social interactions. Pleasant appearance makes an individual persuasive. Moreover, it can assist an organization attract new clients and promote products with ease (Bailyn, 2012). Hence, people with pleasant appearan ce get jobs easily. Recruiters and organizations focus on the outer beauty of individuals.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Beauty also plays a significant role in the creation of people’s perception. Some studies have suggested that beautiful individuals are intelligent, sociable and knowledgeable compared to less gorgeous people. Personality traits of beautiful individuals are determined easily compared to features of less attractive persons. There is a bias towards people with attractive aesthetic qualities. In case someone is attractive and organized, other individuals will overestimate the person’s organizational abilities due to physical qualities. This shows that beauty shapes the perception of people in the society. People tend to provide close concentration to attractive individuals. Beauty also influences consumption behaviors in different societ ies. In the contemporary society, especially in western nations, slender persons are considered beautiful. Thus, beauty is perceived based on body shape. Hence, the perception of beauty in modern societies has influenced body shapes that people desire. The most affected gender by body shape appearance is female. Many people in modern societies aim to acquire body shapes considered beautiful. Hence, many people have acquired consumption practices that can assist them attain the desired body shapes. However, the practices that some people have adopted result into health problems. Such practices are commonly referred to as consumption disorders. The most common ingestion disorders identifiable in modern societies are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Compulsive Overconsumption. These consumption disorders normally result into numerous health conditions (Hagman, 2005). The examples provided above present unethical influences of people’s perception of beauty. They show how the society lays considerable emphasis on physical attractiveness. The emphasis on physical attractiveness diminishes other people’s value. Additionally, emphasis on physical attractiveness has considerable side effects. Effects of Emphasis on Physical Appearance Emphasis on physical appearance has significant negative effects. The emphasis on physical appearance makes people with large bodies and distortions feel ashamed and awkward. They view their bodies negatively due to the distorted perception of beauty created by the society. Moreover, such individuals normally feel that they are failures. Negative self-image is related to decline in mental faculty, reduced self-esteem, anxiety and consumption abnormalities. Notably, emphasis on physical appearance results into psychosocial problems. The emphases on slimmer or perfect body shapes make people, especially women, pursue the appropriate figures. However, psychosocial effects accompany the pursuit of the admired body shapes.Ad vertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Beauty Perception specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many people believe that perfect body shapes, as defined by the society, can enable them improve their circumstances. Women are the most affected by the emphasis on physical appearance. Adolescents are more concerned with their weights and appearance while older women hope to hide their ages. Obsessive compulsion with physical appearance makes them adopt strategies that are, however, harmful to their health (Bailyn, 2012). Many women watch their diet as a strategy to attain beauty. However, many people overindulge in the strategies that they use to meet beauty standards set by the modern society. They adopt severe consumption behaviors, exercise excessively and use other severe strategies. These strategies affect the health of individuals severely. Thus, emphasis on physical appearance has numerous health effects. Diet control is now a requirement for women due to the emphasis on physical appearance. According to the common perception in the modern society, the ideal body that it is considered appropriate is thinner. However, the average body weight in many societies grows continuously. The emphasis has made consumption disorders like anorexia to increase. Anorexia nervosa is a consumption disorder associated with extreme fear for weight gain (Aronson, Wilson Akert, 2010). It is characterized by excessive restriction on food consumption. Many people affected by the disorder hope to attain thin body shapes since that is what the society considers beautiful. On the other hand, it affects both the physical and mental health of people. Physical health effects of anorexia include reduction in bone sizes, kidney problems and heart complications. Unfortunately, many women worldwide consider the disorder as desirable. Bulimia nervosa is the other condition associated with the emphasis on physical appearance. It is a consumption disorder typified by binge consumption and removal. Normally people affected by the condition consume a large quantity of food then try to remove the eaten quantity for fear of increase in body size. They normally use laxatives or extreme work out to rid themselves of the consumed food. In addition, they can fast for prolonged periods because they fear being overweight. This disorder is associated with emphasis on physical appearance because the society considers large body sizes as not beautiful. Bulimic people are secretive as they try to hide their conditions (Weiss, 2003).Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another effect of emphasis on physical attraction is the increase in the use of exercise as a means of beauty acquisition. Many women manifest their discontent with their body sizes and shapes through exercise. They exercise to attain the shape and size defined by the society through emphasis on physical appearance. Men normally exercise to improve fitness and masculinity. However, women exercise to reduce their weight and improve their body shapes. Unfortunately, many women engage in compulsive exercise, and this affects their health. Other people also pierce various parts of their bodies to improve their images. This practice is also informed by the emphasis on physical beauty. The society has made many people believe that the act improves physical attractiveness. The Role of the Media in Emphasis on Physical Appearance The media has profoundly influenced people’s perception of beauty. The media has made people believe that smaller body sizes are desirable. Movies, musician s and other content in the media promote the idea that thinness or smaller body size is beauty. Many people have adopted the perception that the media has created. Many individuals try to reduce their body sizes to be like those of models and musicians who they watch on television. However, they adopt unhealthy practices in their quest to achieve the body qualities determined by the society through the media. Some studies have examined the role of the media on consumption disorders. Many studies established that actors and models held that reduction in body size was beauty. Many of these studies noted the trend in reduction of body sizes of models, beauty contestants and playboy players. However, as the media promotes the reduction in body size as beauty, the average weight of America’s population increases. This makes many people strive to reduce their body sizes. Thus, the media generates inconsistency between the exact and the idealized body size (Hagman, 2005). Television programmes and contents of magazines have also generated social circumstances for dissatisfaction with individuals’ bodies. However, dissatisfaction results into consumption disorders. Thus, the media has made people believe that thinness is admirable, and this belief has made individuals pursue beauty through loss of weight. The media has also made people pursue beauty through promotion of diet foods. There are numerous adverts made in magazines that promote the use of diet programs to attain beauty. Magazines like Women’s Health and Glamour normally contain adverts that influence consumption patterns of people. Additionally, adverts that promote reduction of body size as beauty are common in women’s magazine compared to those of men. The media also plays a crucial role through the emphasis that it places on good appearance. The media has reinforced the beauty standards that the society has created. It has created a culture that is based on consumption of beau ty products. Thus, the media has emphasized beauty through promotion of the attractiveness industry. It has generated a consumption behavior that is a solution to attractiveness problem. On the other hand, the attraction standards that the modern society has created can only be achieved through the purchase of beauty products. Numerous surveys support the belief that the media has significantly influenced the perception that slenderness is beauty. A certain survey showed that approximately 83% of young women in the United States are addicted to fashion magazines. On the other hand, over eleven million Americans read Self Magazine. The magazine promotes the use of diet control in reduction of body weight and size. More importantly, fashion magazines and the media impact on identity development of many people. Many people are not satisfied with their bodies due to the beliefs that the media imposes on them. The media also makes individuals compare themselves with other people who they see in televisions, magazines and the internet. Additionally, people tend to compare their appearance with other individuals. Hence, the media makes people be concerned with their weights, creates dissatisfaction with large bodies and produces the need for comparison. Individuals with consumption disorders like anorexia are normally addicted to magazines and fashion programs. Finally, the media has created the notion that thinness is beauty and then provided means through which people can attain slenderness. Magazines and other information outlets have provided means through which people can attain the idealized body sizes considered beautiful. How Media Can De-emphasize-Emphasize the Importance of Physical Appearance The media can be used to de-emphasize the significance of physical appearance despite the negative effects that it has. The media has been used to educate people on the dangers of extreme practices employed to reduce weight. Media education, support and activism  ha ve focused on promotion of other definitions of beauty. Hence, some organizations have used the media to educate the public on the dangers of anorexia, bulimia and excessive workouts. Media education has tried to reduce the emphasis on physical appearance as a key feature of beauty (Levine Smolak, 2008). Media education on the dangers of unhealthy practices involves the provision of advice on use of content in magazines and television. Thus, people can decode and internalize the pictures and information contained in different media (Weiss, 2003). Education can assist people determine that some of the body shapes and sizes that they see in magazines are not real. The images are created and, therefore, they should not torture their bodies in their quest to achieve similar physiques. Furthermore, education can enable people realize that images shown in media as ideals represent other people’s viewpoints. Analysis of contents of media can also assist in reduction of body shape c omparison. People who perceive thinness as beauty normally compare their bodies with contents in media. However, psycho-education can assist in reduction of this habit. Finally, the inclusion of media in the analysis of content of magazines and television can reduce the emphasis on physical appearance (Levine Smolak, 2008). Through incorporation of media, intervention strategies can assist professionals boost the confidence and self-esteem of people with large bodies. This can reduce the chances of adoption of negative consumption behaviors. Review of Women and Men’s Magazines and the Influence of Models Various men and women’s magazines influence the perception of beauty in the society. Many magazines focus on health, fitness and diet. Notably, fashion is the focus of almost all these magazines. The most notable men’s magazines are Men’s Health, Ask Men and Mann. Men’s magazines normally promote the use of exercise and diet to enhance masculinity and fitness. Hence, men’s magazine like Men’s Health promotes the increase in body size. On the other hand, women’s magazines like Glamour, Self Magazine and Life Style promote the idea that slenderness is beauty. These magazines also influence the views of the youth. They contain images of models and other fashion personalities who the youth look after. Notable personalities who have been affected by conditions like anorexia as they pursue beauty are models Eliana Ramos and Isabelle Caro. Ramos and Isabelle were both anorexic models who the youth looked after (Grimes, 2010). They promoted the idea that slenderness is beauty. They were also famous personalities and had immense influence on the youth. There are numerous models who have such conditions like Ramos and who continue to influence youths. However, only few male models perceive that slenderness is beauty. Hence, many male models are not affected by conditions like anorexia and bulimia. Additionally, t he models have considerable influence on women compared to men. That is why anorexia and bulimia affect many women compared to men. Conclusions People’s perception of beauty has changed over time. The media has played a significant role in development of the new perception that the modern society holds. Beauty can be either outer or inner. However, many people normally consider outer beauty. It relates to physical attractiveness of individuals. Beauty plays numerous roles in society. It can assist people be employed and promoted. In addition, it can influence people’s health conditions and promote some industries. This paper discussed its role in the society and the influence of media on emphasis on physical beauty. Finally, this paper discussed how the media could be used to de-emphasize the significance of physical appearance. In the discussions, this paper focused mainly on the perception that slenderness is beauty. References Aronson, E., Wilson, D., Akert, M. (20 10). Social Psychology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Publisher. Bailyn, E. (2012). How Important Is Physical Beauty? Retrieved from http://evanbailyn.net/thoughts-on-life/how-important-is-physical-beauty/ Grimes, W. (2010). Isabelle Caro, Anorexic Model, Dies at 28. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/31/world/europe/31caro.html Hagman, G. (2005). Aesthetic Experience: Beauty, Creativity, and the Search for the Ideal. Amsterdam: Rodopi. Levine, M., Smolak, L. (2008). The Prevention of Eating Problems and Eating Disorders: Theory, Research and Practice. New Jersey: Taylor and Francis e-Library. Weiss, I. (2003). Coping with the beauty myth: A guide for real girls. New York: Rosen Publishing Group.

Counselor Ethics and Responsibilities Assignment Guidelines

Counselor Ethics and Responsibilities Guidelines - Assignment Example The next important move will be to ask the client if I can a combine session with her parents to allow them share their thoughts about the situation. Two ethical issues that I will have to deal with include whether advising the client on other alternatives to abortion could interfere with her autonomy. I strongly believe that every individual has a right to choose time as well as how to end his/her life with dignity especially when suffering from terminal illness. I feel that it is quite inhumane to stop an individual from hastening his death especially his/her health has significantly deteriorated from prolonged illness. I will start the counseling process by trying to establish if the state law allows physician assisted suicide (PAS). The next thing will be to allow the client clarify her thought and feelings towards PAS and the possibility of exploring alternatives to the decisions. The option of advising the client on other alternatives to PAS and whether it is in the best interest to allow her continue with PAS are two major ethical issues that I will consider. Trust and respect are the two most important determinant of a successful and effective counseling relation between the client and the counselor. Remley, Jr and Herlihy (2010) asserts that clients must always feel safe in the hands of their counselors and this can only be achieved when they trust in the counselor’s ability to safeguard their interest and respect their rights in the relationship. The fact that the counselor is highly experienced in his/her field does not give them an absolute power over the client considering that the client has a number of rights that needs to be protected in the relationship. Key among the clients rights in a counseling relationship include but not limited right to autonomy, right to confidentiality, right to known counseling techniques or strategies, right to request for copies of records

Junk 'mail' - nuisance or opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Junk 'mail' - nuisance or opportunity - Essay Example For example, it would not make sense to send direct mailings in a mass strategy when there is only a fraction of the population with the cash resources to buy your product. At the leadership level, direct mail can be a disadvantage if the business does not have a well-trained and knowledgeable marketing staff able to ensure the information is targeted correctly. A recent study identified that many consumers would not even bother to open a piece of direct mail if they noticed an obvious mistake (McLuhan, 2008). This would require the company to closely monitor issues of editing and content when developing the direct mail literature. Sometimes these are sent out to third party printers, which make error correction and checking prior to mailing very important. Even in the electronic mail environment, if the information has grammatical errors it can be a serious disadvantage to company reputation. This is especially true considering that three quarters of all consumers surveyed said they would not even open the junk mail. There are advantages to junk mail, however, including growth in sales coming from catalogues. â€Å"The catalogue is seen as something of a renaissance marketing tool† which generated sales of over  £3.6 billion in 2004 (Marketing Week, 2005, p.37). This means that there are consumers who are attracted by the look and pictures of catalogues or they simply find them to be convenient methods to order merchandise. For the older consumer who might be intimidated by the online environment, catalogues sent to this group will likely have more sales results. Growth in the Internet across the world continues to climb as nations become more developed and have better electronic infrastructures. With more people online, this represents more marketing opportunity to reach more audiences and find more sales growth. Even

Growing Up on Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Growing Up on Fast Food Essay Most Americans have eaten at a drive-in restaurant, diner and/or fast-food restaurant in their lives. Customers frequent these establishments for its convenience and affordability. Part of the fast-food lure is to satisfy the body; another part is a family sitting down and enjoying a meal together. Many people back in the 1950s and 1960s did not understand food safety and its dangers. Food was cooked in butter or lard instead of Trans oils, vegetable oil or margarine that are used today. Foods in the past were loaded with fat and cholesterol, which made consumers early candidates for cardiovascular diseases, stroke and other health issues. Food may have tasted delicious, but that came with a heavy price. Consumers of today are more educated concerning the risks and rewards of eating out and how food is prepared. They still face similar obstacles as their parents and grandparents did generations ago. How is the food made? What ingredients are used in making the selected dish? Is the place where the food is grown/processed/made reputable? Any of the aforementioned questions that are answered in the negative should be cause for concern.   Recent examples in the U.S. include the peanut recall. In that case, the product was tainted at the manufacturing plant. The items were put out for mass consumption, and that decision lead to many people getting sick and others dying. The Peanut Corporation of America (PCA) voluntarily recalled peanuts that were manufactured in either Georgia or Texas for fear that consumers would be exposed to Salmonella poisoning. (FDA, p.1) Although the outbreak did not affect jars or peanut butter commonly found in supermarkets, the tainted supply went to institutions and other establishments. (MSNBC, Fast Food 2 p.1) This meant restaurants could have received the contaminated peanut butter. Where hundred of people were injured and a half-dozen people died from Salmonella poisoning, this could have been even more tragic if not for the recall. (1) The news becomes important since many restaurants offer peanut and jelly sandwiches on their kids menu. It is a comfort food for many people—for the young and young-at-heart. (Phantom Gourmet, 2009) Having that option taken away would have been tough for restaurant owners who would have removed that item off its menu and the patrons who would have ordered the sandwich. (Phantom Gourmet, 2009) This is where the fast food industry can either be a friend or foe. They offer many choices for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Items range from bacon and eggs in the morning to prime rib in the evening. Many places like diners are open 24 hours, so people can get what they are craving any time. Being able to order what customers want when they want entices people to eat out. Another reason people go out to eat is the restaurant’s atmosphere. Certainly a fast-food facility such as McDonald’s will have a different motif than a diner, which will have a more distinctive ambiance than a mom-and-pop restaurant. The â€Å"Golden Arches† typically serves hamburgers, fast sandwiches with French fries and soft drinks. Kids are usually seen playing in a designated area. Not a place for people without kids who want to sit down to a quiet meal. The problem comes as much of the food is either fatty to begin with or comes with condiments that are also high in fat, calories and other things that can expand a waistline or harden an artery. Fast food companies are adapting to the way Americans eat by offering salads, parfaits and other healthier choices. McDonald’s has spent billions of dollars in advertising these menu changes (McDonald’s Corporate, p.1) Fast Food 3 Diners have been around this country for decades. Most people have one either in or near their town. These establishments offer good food and reasonable prices. That is often not the primary reason patrons flock to the diner, however. The restaurant set up is the main attraction. Some places have rally nights featuring vintage cars and motorcycles from the 1950s and 1960s. Other places house 50s-era memorabilia with photos of Singer/Actor Elvis Presley, Actress Marilyn Monroe, Actor James Dean and advertisements for Coke products that were very inexpensive in those days. Try getting a bottle of coke for a nickel today—it will not happen because of the cost of making the item and most companies use plastic instead of glass. There is less of a safety risk involved with plastic and it is cheaper to produce. Then there is the modern convenience of take-out or drive through. Being able to take home a bag from a fast-food place is certainly convenient and one does not mean unloading the family of the car. A menu is set up outside where people can give their orders, drive up to the window, pay the server, get their food and drive off to their next destination. Sounds easy in that the food still comes out fast (and correctly, one hopes), but what the experience lacks is people enjoying the food. Sure, the family sits in the car eating their hamburgers and French fries, but at the cost of getting the car dirty, having to throw out the garbage later and being cramped in a car seat without the benefits of stretching or using the restroom if needed. That type of convenience may be too much for some people. There is no wrong answer to how people dine. Time, the order itself, and other circumstances dictate if and when a person of family sits inside the restaurant, takes it out, or drives through. The bottom line for the restaurants is making sure the food is properly served to its customers so they return. Fast Food 4 This paper also hopes to debunk the myths surrounding fast food, how people who grew up eating at such places have adapted with the times, and how the restaurant industry has attempted to enlighten its customers about the choices they have. Iconic restaurants such as McDonald’s and Kentucky Fried Chicken (A.K.A. KFC) had a formula for encouraging return visitors. Offer customers good food at reasonable prices and they may come back again and bring friends. Both franchises have been going strong for more than five decades because their philosophy has not changed much during that time. Healthy Does Not Bad Tasting One problem fast food companies had to address is the quality of the ingredients used to make their trademark dishes.   Is the meat for the burgers made at McDonald’s or Burger King the best quality they can find? Are the chickens raised for use at Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) fed a solid diet of nutrients? Those questions and answers matter to a point. Everyone will demonstrate the excellence of their products to show they care about their customers. If they fail, then actions such as recalls (for peanuts as previously mentioned) happen. This puts the industry under negative light and those working within the industry must work harder to regain the customer’s trust. Restaurants that did not have any trouble with the recalled product will be challenged to make their products better or fall behind in the marketplace. McDonald’s has been proactive over the past three decades in educating consumers about their foods and service (McDonald’s, p.1). They began printing up nutrition information for their customers to read if they wish. They might not like the fact a â€Å"Big Mac† sandwich has 50 percent of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of saturated fat. (1) Fast Food 5 Or, a McRib† sandwich has 48 percent of the RDA of saturated fat. (1) Clearly, these are not choices for people looking to either lose weight or remain physically fit. Their nutritional information may be found either by accessing the company website at www.mcdonalds.com or stopping in any one of their restaurants and picking up a brochure. Eating at McDonald’s—or any fast food place—for a prolonged period of time can have detrimental consequences. Morgan Spurlock wrote and directed a 2004 film about the fast-food industry, â€Å"Supersize Me!† The plot was simple: Spurlock would eat nothing but the contents of the McDonald’s menu for 30 consecutive days. He had to order everything off the menu at least once and had to supersize his order if asked. He would also refrain from exercising during the one-month period. (Spurlock, p.1) His point was to demonstrate the hazardous effects of eating out at fast food restaurants. Watching the film makes people cringe as he begins to gain too much weight, lose energy in wanting to do any real activities. Because of his McDonald’s diet and his lack of exercise, Spurlock not only gained a whopping 24 ½ pounds in 30 days, consumed a pound of sugar a day on average and his cholesterol rose an unbelievable 65 points from when this experiment started. (Spurlock Quotes, p.1) Besides the obvious physical ailments that befell Spurlock during his thirty days, there were also the psychological aspects. He said during the movie: â€Å"I nearly doubled my risk of coronary heart disease, making myself twice as likely to have heart failure. I felt depressed and exhausted most of the time, my mood swung on a dime and my sex life was non existent. I craved this food more and more when I ate it, and got massive headaches when I didnt. In my final The movie was nominated for an Academy Award had had quite the reaction from moviegoers. Although McDonald’s officials denied the moved at the time, they scrapped the supersize option several weeks after the movie was released. (Wikipedia, p.1) They also offered its customers healthier alternatives such as salads. Spurlock said those choices contained more sugar than a bag of cookies. (1) Spurlock accomplished what he set out to do: find the causes of overweight people in the US and the bigger problem of obesity in this country. McDonald’s and the rest of the fast-food industry had to take note that their foods, if taken as much as Spurlock had, would have devastating effects on people’s health and well being. Nobody suggested that families eat every meal at restaurants. That logic would be expensive as well and unhealthy and would not make much sense. His body changed for the worse after his 30-day McDonald’s binge. It took five months for Spurlock to lose the weight he gained during that period (Spurlock Quotes, p.1). He suffered from liver damage, high blood pressure and other damaging ailments while performing this experiment. Moderation for anything is the best course of action when attempting to so something. That McDonald’s food was not healthy struck a chord, that Spurlock damaged his body making a point struck an even louder chord.

The Root of the Economic Crisis is Moral Crisis Essay -- Business Ethi

The foreclosure crisis is not actually a crisis, but a consequence of greed, policies, and immoral choices. The increasing rate of foreclosures and decreasing value of homes is inevitable. Bailing out banks or borrowers to help them reform loans and mortgage rates will only provide temporary relief. The crisis exists on a larger scale. Greed has overcome society increasing personal and public debt. The government is only making matters worse by bailing out lenders and borrowers whom are guided by their desires for superficial wealth. Policies passed by men and women with the selfish motive of authority, power, and preservation; men and women who have lost sight of their family, neighbor, and the well-being of society. J. Krishnamurti writes, â€Å"Society is the relationship between people- the relationship between one person and another, between one family and another, between one group and another, and between the individual and the group. Human relationship is soc iety† (1963). We no longer look out for our neighbor, we fear opening our door to strangers, and run from situations that do not satisfy our selfish desires. The foreclosure crisis is therefore a matter of thought. Our thoughts have clouded our needs with wants, our faith with fears, and our empathy with envy. To solve the foreclosure crisis we must regress to the simplest way of life, encouraging relationships that build a community, and discourage the desire to cling to materials, such as homes we cannot afford. We have all become Lumpenproletariat, according to Karl Marx, this defines us as â€Å"criminals, vagabonds, beggars; who have no stake in the economy and therefore sell their labor to the highest bidder† (Wikipedia, 2009). The institutions, gove... ...wth. Look at the entrepreneurs creating jobs. Look at the officials upholding the law without corruption. Look at the homeowner working diligently to pay his bills. Look at the contributing taxpayers. Look at the volunteers. Look at the employers treating their workers fairly. Look at the people living in peace. Reward this! Reward good deeds! Laws must be upheld and wrongful deeds given zero-tolerance. Personal consequence is how we develop coping skills, patients, and understanding. Reward only those who contribute to the well being of our society, our family, and human relationships. This will give individuals a sense of ownership within their communities, responsibility of the outcomes, and the freedom to create, grow, and prosper. When each of us has the freedom to accomplish our ambitions in good faith without tyranny, society will prosper.

Financial Analysis of Two Company

07. 7. 2012 Bilal Elarslan 2007432031| Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Business Business Administration ManagerialFinance| Financial Analysis of Ulker &P? nar Sut| List of Contents Introduction 3 1. Ulker 4 1. 1 History of Ulker 4 1. 2 About Ulker5 1. 3 Shareholder Structure 6 1. 4 Subsidaries6 1. 5 Wacc of Ulker7 1. 6 Leverage8 1. 7 Operating and financial leverage of Ulker8 1. 8 Beta Analysis9 1. 9 Ulker’s Beta Coefficent†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 1. 10 Additional financial Information & key ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 2. P? nar Sut†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 2. History Of P? nar Sut†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 2. 2 General Overview of Company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦. 13 2. 3 Shareholder Structure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 2. 4 Wacc of P? nar Sut†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 2. 5 Leverage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 2. 6 P? nar Sut’s Beta coefficent†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 2. 7 Additional informations & key ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦22Introduction In this research paper I prepared the financial ana? ysis of Ulker & P? nar Sut. While preparing this report firstly I have to choose two company Which are; * Ulker * P? nar sut While preparing this report I really mentioned about what we learned during manegerial finance lessons. As a result; with this aim, I prepared my term project by combining both acconting methods and my knowledge about finance. 1. ULKER 2. 1 History of Ulker 1944- Ulker Biskuvi was established in the Eminonu district of Istanbul. It started out as a small bakery with just three workers, producing 200 kg of biscuits per day.A few years later, the Company relocated to the Topkap? district of Istanbul. 1948- Producing a total of 75 tons of biscuits in 1944, Ulker Biscuits tripled its capacity at its Topkap? factory, built in 1948 specifically in order to increase the production volume. 1955- Ulker Biscuits decided to distribute its products throughout Turkey at factory prices and achieved a huge production increase with this innovation. 1970- In line with the growth strategy, Anadolu G? da Sanayii A. S. was founded in Ankara as a multiple-shareholder company and the production capacity of Ulker Biscuits was doubled. 974- The first biscuit export was made after choosing the Middle East as the target market. Opportunities for international competition were increased with the constitution of the R&D department in the same year. 1979- Ulker products began to be packed in cellophane-based packaging. 2003- Ulker Biskuvi merged under its own title with Anadolu G? da, whose shares have been quo ted on Istanbul Stock Exchange since 1996. 2008- Within the scope of Corporate Governance, the Articles of Association were amended and Corporate Governance and Audit Committees were set up.At the beginning of 2008, Ulker Biskuvi took part in the acquisition of the premium chocolatier brand, Godiva, with a 25. 23% share. 2. 2 About Ulker As the first company established within Y? ld? z Holding, operating its core business for 64 years, Ulker Biscuits serves as the flagship of the Holding both in terms of sales turnover and profitability. According to the Istanbul Chamber of Industry (ICI) in 2009 list of Turkey’s Top 500 Industrial Enterprises, Ulker Biscuits was ranked 104th. Ulker Biscuits produces biscuits, crackers, chocolate covered biscuits and wafers at its factories in Istanbul/Topkap? and Ankara.As the indisputable leader in the Turkish biscuit industry, Ulker Biscuits also takes its place among the giant food producers of the world, with its 280 assorted biscuit and cracker products that are supplied to both the local and international markets. In 1996, Ulker Biscuits received the ISO 9002 certification for quality standards in production; and in 2001, it was awarded the HACCP certification for quality standards in food safety. In 2002, it won the top mark of â€Å"High Level† in an analysis made by the Europe-based quality certification firm BRC, which further secured its successful position in the field of quality control.Ulker Biscuits develops new products in its independent laboratories, employing an experienced and innovative R&D staff, always keeping its quality-focused approach. Introducing an average of 60 new products per year to the market, Ulker Biscuits has continued to excel in innovation, thus making Ulker one of the top food brands. Ulker Biscuits products are exported mainly to the Middle East, Russia and Central Asian Republics, as well as to Europe, Africa and the United States. Ulker Biscuits not only contributes to Turkey’s economy through its exports, but it also successfully represents Turkey’s approach to quality on a global scale.Ulker Biscuits has an effective quality control system that injects synergy into the entire process from production through consumption; and it continues its investments based on its strategy that is focused on sustainable and profitable growth. Ulker Biscuits is a consumer-focused company that satisfies its consumers’ needs and expectations at the maximum level, and it has formed a harmonious and lasting relationship with its target group. Surveys conducted in recent years attest to the high levels of loyalty to the Ulker brand.In the â€Å"Brands 2008† survey by AC Nielsen, Ulker was ranked first in the biscuit category, and second and third in the categories of â€Å"top-of-the-mind† brands and those that consumers feel closest to, respectively. Local distribution of biscuits and chocolate covered products produced by Ulker Bi scuits and its subsidiaries is undertaken by its subsidiary, Atlas G? da Pazarlama, and other marketing companies of Y? ld? z Holding, Esas Pazarlama, Merkez G? da Pazarlama and Rekor Pazarlama. 2. 3 Shareholder Structure Shareholders of Ulker company dated 31/12/2010 is as follows.Shareholders Share(TRY) (%) Y? ld? z Holding A. S. 106. 999. 435 39,84 Others 161. 600. 565 60,16 Capital 268. 600. 000 100 1. 4 Subsideries Ulker Biscuits, the flagship of Y? ld? z Holding, associated with a number of companies within the Holding, It has developed a strong portfolio synergistic structure with both vertical and horizontal integration. Under this mutually beneficial structure, Ulker Biscuits and other companies within Y? ld? Holding, each occupy a leading position in their sectors. In addition to various biscuit facilities in cities in Anatolia, Ulker Biscuits has developed a dynamic production process that reaches into all branches of the food industry, including high quality flour, butte r and packaging facilities. 1. 5 Weighted Average Cost of Capital Corporations create value for shareholders by earning a return on the invested capital that is above the cost of capital. WACC is an expression of this cost and is used to see if certain intended investments or strategies or projects or purchases are worthwhile to undertake.WACC is expressed as a percentage, like interest. WACC of Ulker Company is %12,1. This means that investments should be made that give return higher than the WACC of %12,1. WACC= (Wi x ri) + ( Wp x rp) + ( Ws x rn) Tax rate: 20% 1. 6 Leverage Leverage refers to the effects that fixed costs have on the returns that shareholders earn. By â€Å"fixed costs† we mean costs that do not rise and fall with changes in a firm’s sales. Firms have to pay these fixed costs whether business conditions are good or bad.A firm with more leverage may earn higher returns on average than a firm with less leverage, but the returns on the more leveraged fi rm will also be more volatile. Managers can influence leverage in their decisions about how the company raises money to operate. The amount of leverage in the firm’s capital structure the mix of long-term debt and equity maintained by the firm can significantly affect its value by affecting return and risk. The more debt a firm issues, the higher are its debt repayment costs, and those costs must be paid regardless of how the firm’s products are selling.Because leverage can have such a large impact on a firm, the financial manager must understand how to measure and evaluate leverage, particularly when making capital structure decisions. Operating leverage is concerned with the relationship between the firm’s sales revenue and its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) or operating profits. When costs of operations (such as cost of goods sold and operating expenses) are largely fixed, small changes in revenue will lead to much larger changes in EBIT. Financial leverage is concerned with the relationship between the firm’s EBIT and its common stock earnings per share (EPS).On the income statement, you can see that the deductions taken from EBIT to get to EPS include interest, taxes, and preferred dividends. Taxes are clearly variable, rising and falling with the firm’s profits, but interest expense and preferred dividends are usually fixed. When these fixed items are large (that is, when the firm has a lot of financial leverage), small changes in EBIT produce larger changes in EPS. Total leverage is the combined effect of operating and financial leverage. It is concerned with the relationship between the firm’s sales revenue and EPS. 1. Operating and Financial Leverage of Ulker in 2011 Sales Revenue 10. 445. 022. 950 Less: COGS (9. 243. 511. 780) Operating Leverage Gross Profit1. 201. 511. 170 Less: Operating Expenses(46. 450. 461) EBIT1. 155. 060. 709 Total Less: Interest18. 799. 809 Leverage Net profit before tax1. 136. 260. 900 Financial Leverage Less: Taxes 137. 983. 993 Net profit after taxes 998. 276. 907 Less: Preferred stock dividends (518. 995. 890)Earnings available for common (EAC) 479. 281. 017 1. 8 Beta Analysis Systematic risk beta coefficient is a measure of a security. In other words, it is the relationship the performance of securities market with the average performance. It is coefficient of the change in response to a unit change in securities market. The market beta coefficient is accepted to be 1 for every time. In theory, all forms of securities in the market can be said that the beta coefficient equal to 1 in the totals. We can make 3 different beta coefficient is interpretation. 1- Beta coefficient of 1, – Beta coefficient is higher than 1, 3- Beta coefficient is lower than 1. 1. 9 Ulker’s Beta Coefficient Ulker beta coefficient is higher than 1 that is 1,02. So it represents the market price of securities will rise or fall more than the market. Beta coeffi cient that is higher than 1 is more risky than less than 1. Hence the beta coefficient of securities is less than 1 also reduces the risk of the portfolio. Therefore, in emerging markets (bull market), while beta coefficient higher than 1 which is providing higher returns than stock market, in falling market (bear market) makes a higher damage.For this reason, the falling stock markets prefers beta coefficient less than 1. ? >1 the share movement is faster than the index (high risk and high volatility). And volatility is average price of a security or market fluctuation feature that is shown in a short time interval. Volatility of a high-speed change in the price of securities and properties of extreme volatility are seen. The higher the beta coefficient causes increasing in volatility of securities. Ford coefficient is high and its volatility is increasing of securities. ParameterParameter | Coefficient| Standard Error | T- value| A| 0. 42 | 0. 54| 0. 77| Beta| 1. 02 | 1. 027 | 0. 99| F=92. 616472228 r2=0. 614915957 STD error=0. 155688307 1. 10 Additional Information on financial Instruments a) Capital risk management The Group controls its capital with the liability / total capital ratio. Net liability is divided by total capital in this ratio. Cash and cash equivalents are substracted from total loans to calculate the net liability. The shareholder’s equity is added to net liabilties to calculate the total capital. ) Liquidity risk management The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows and matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. The funding risk of the current and prospective debt demands is managed by maintaining the availability of lenders with high quality and in sufficient number The following table presents the maturity of Group’s non-derivative financial liabilities. The table in cludes both interest and principal cash flows. . PINAR SUT 3. 4 History of P? nar Sut 1975 – P? nar Sut is established in Izmir as the Middle East’s biggest dairy processing complex and Turkey's first UHT (ultra-high temperature processed) milk and packaged dairy products manufacturing plant. 1976 – The company begins producing Turkey’s first processed cheese and chocolate milk. 1978 – P? nar sliced kashkaval cheese and P? nar spreadable cheese are introduced to consumers. 1980 – A Kraft-P? nar joint venture is launched. P? nar Sut introduces its Deram, Raglet, Maribo, and Cheddar cheese varieties. 982 – The company begins exporting milk, cheese, butter, yoghurt, and strawberry milk to Central Europe, Cyprus, and the Middle East. 1983 – P? nar Yem is set up to provide high quality feeds to the P? nar Sut’s raw milk suppliers. P? nar Mayonnaise, Turkey’s first domestically-manufactured mayonnaise goes on sale. P? n ar Beyaz, Turkey’s first spreadable cheese, and P? nar Whipped Topping, a powdered whipped topping both go into production. 1984 – P? nar Sut begins exporting its labaneh, milk, yoghurt drink, butter, yoghurt, cheese, whipped topping, and mayonnaise products to Kuwait, Cyprus, and Germany. 985 – Labaneh is launched in the Turkish market under the name â€Å"P? nar Labaneh†. 1992 – P? nar Sut is awarded the Turkish Standards Institute’s (TSE) â€Å"Golden Packaging† award for the introduction of the first foil-sealed yoghurt container. Form Milk, Turkey’s first low-fat milk, and Cikolasut, chocolate milk made with real, natural chocolate, go on sale. 1993 – P? nar Sut becomes the first company in its sector to be awarded TS ISO 9002 Quality Management System certification. 1994 – P? nar Sut receives another TSEâ€Å"Golden Packaging† award for its 10-liter bag-in-box pack design.Having successfully demonstra ted its compliance with European standards in terms of production, sales, and after-sales services, P? nar Sut becomes the first dairy products company to receive TS ISO 9001 Quality Management System certification. 1995 – P? nar â€Å"long-life† fruit yoghurts and prepared desserts go into production. Turkish consumers are introduced to P? nar light (low-fat) and extra light yoghurts and to low-fat, triangular cheese. 1997 – P? nar Sut opens its Eskisehir plant. 1999 – P? nar Sut introduces its â€Å"Denge† line of lactose-free, high-calcium, and vitaminenhanced milks. 000 – As a result of investments at the Eskisehir plant, P? nar Sut launches the world’s first continuous-process production of cream-top yoghurt. 2001 – UHT milk supplied in plastic bottles goes into production. 2003 – Under an agreement with Sodima, P? nar Sut launches production of fruit yoghurts in Turkey. 2004 – P? nar introduces its Kafela, K aramela, and Cikolasut line of products in packaging specially designed to appeal to young people. P? nar Sut is awarded TS 13001 HACCP Food Safety System certification. 2005 – Turkey’s first organic milk and first prebiotic and probiotic dairy products are introduced to the market. 007 – P? nar’s YOPI line of calcium-, protein-,and vitamin-enhanced dairy products for children goes into production. 2008 – P? nar Sut becomes the first company in Turkey’s dairy industry to undertake a Lean 6 Sigma operational excellence and productivity project. P? nar Milk for Kids, a milk specially designed for child nutrition, is introduced to the market. 2009 – P? nar lemonade and tropical fruit drink are introduced to the market. 2010 – P? nar Kido with Biscuit, Honey Flavored P? nar Kid's Milk, and P? nar Breakfast Cream Cheese products go on sale. 3. 5 General Overview of P? ar Sut The pioneer of many firsts in its sector since the day it was founded, P? nar Sut makes use of the most modern technology available to produce and supply consumers with the milk and dairy products that are essential to good nutrition. The first to introduce the concept of healthy milk and dairy products in Turkey When it was originally founded in Izmir in 1975, P? nar Sut was the most advanced dairy processing complex in Europe and the Middle East. P? nar Sut was the first brand to introduce and entrench the concept of wellness, standardized milk and dairy products in Turkey. The P? ar brand, earning a deserved reputation as â€Å"Source of Dynamism, Health, Pleasure and Life†, became the preferred choice of Turkish consumers while also making huge contributions both to the growth and development of the Turkish Animal husbandry stock raising and food industries and also to the well-being of new generations of children. P? nar Sut’s principal business activity is the production and sale of dairy products (milk, yoghurt, yoghur t drink, traditional and modern cheeses, butter, cream) as well as of fruit juices, mayonnaise, ketchups, puddings, honey, sauces, jams and jellies, desserts, and powdered products.A leading role in increased dairy production in Turkey P? nar Sut introduced the first â€Å"long-life† UHT milk packaged in aseptic containers in Turkey in 1975. Operating from plants located in Izmir and Eskisehir, the company has remained the leading brand in Turkey’s dairy products industry ever since. Making use of the most modern technology available, P? nar Sut produces and supplies consumers with the milk and dairy products while also playing a leading role in increased dairy production through its year-round support for more than 35,000 suppliers of raw milk.P? nar Sut procures its superior-quality raw milk under agreements with more than 200 of Turkey’s biggest dairy farms, which are contractually obligated to produce to EU norms. By serving as these farms’ biggest cu stomer, P? nar Sut fosters its own â€Å"total quality† concepts among them as well. From the moment that it is harvested, raw milk is registered by means of a computerized system that keeps regular track of herd and animal health data throughout all production stages. To ensure its freshness and quality, P? ar Sut picks up its suppliers’ raw milk twice a day (morning and evening) from more than 300 milk collection and chilling centers and it takes it immediately to its processing plant. Individual dairy producers are subject to strict monitoring and controls by local laboratories while all milk must be controlled by the advanced technology equipped laboratories at the company’sIzmir and Eskisehir plants before being accepted. A regional force P? nar Sut is moving rapidly towards becoming a regional force in its hinterland by exporting milk and dairy products to many countries around the world.P? nar Sut’s raw milk collection and chilling centers are insp ected every year for the conformity with the EU standards by an EU commission. The company provides its suppliers with continuous support on the matter of developing and maintaining farms that are free of all diseases, which is a prime requisite for exporting milk and dairy products to EU countries. Through projects conducted jointly with government agricultural agencies in Turkey, an ongoing effort is made to ensure that raw milk production satisfies EU norms.According to the third-quarter 2009 sectoral results of the Turkish Customer Satisfaction Index survey, P? nar Sut ranked first in its sector with the highest (82%) level of customer satisfaction in the milk and dairy products category. This survey, which is conducted regularly by KalDer (Turkish Quality Association) and which also analyzes competition in Turkey, is the second most comprehensive poll of its kind after those conducted in the United States. 3. 6 Shareholder Structure The issued capital of the Company is 44. 951. 051,25 Turkish Lira. Each share of this capital is amounting to 1 Cent, 1. 28. 000 A group registered shares, 1. 260. 000 B group registered shares and 4. 494. 806,325 C group bearer shares 4. 495. 105. 125 shares. The Company does not have any privileges regarding distribution of profit. The Company has privileges regarding voting power in the establishment of board members. The business and administration of the Company is managed by the Board of Directors consisting of 5 or 9 members to be elected within the frame of the provisions of the Turkish Trade Code by the General Assembly among the partners or from outside of the Company.In case the Board of Directors consists of 5 people, 3 members shall be elected from the candidates, which A-Group shareholders shall nominate and 1 candidate which the B-group shareholders shall nominate and 1 candidate, which C-Group shareholders shall nominate. If the Board of Directors consists of 7 people, 4 members shall be elected from the candid ates, which A-Group shareholders shall nominate and 2 candidate which the B-group shareholders shall nominate and 1 candidate, which C-Group shareholders shall nominate.If the Board of Directors consists of 9 people, 5 members shall be elected from the candidates, which A-Group shareholders shall nominate and 3 candidate which the B-group shareholders shall nominate and 1 candidate, which C-Group shareholders shall nominate. If resolved by the Board of Directors, an Executive Director can be assigned. The President of the Board of Directors and the Executive Director is elected among the members representing A-Group shares. THE CAPITAL AND SHAREHOLDER STATUS OF PINAR SUT MAMULLERI SANAYI A. S. SHAREHOLDERS | SHARE RATE (%)| STOCKS AMOUNT (TL)| YASAR HOLDING A. S. 61,18 | 27. 503. 257. 789. 000| 3rd PARTY| 38,82| 17. 447. 793. 461. 000| TOTAL| 100,00| 44. 951. 051. 250. 000| | 3. 7 Weighted Avarege Cost of Capital Corporations create value for shareholders by earning a return on the invested capital that is above the cost of capital. WACC is an expression of this cost and is used to see if certain intended investments or strategies or projects or purchases are worthwhile to undertake. WACC is expressed as a percentage, like interest. WACC of P? nar Sut Company is %12,1. This means that investments should be made that give return higher than the WACC of %11. 6.WACC= (Wi x ri) + ( Wp x rp) + ( Ws x rn) Tax rate: 20% 3. 8 Leverage of P? nar sut Financial leverage is concerned with the relationship between the firm’s EBIT and its common stock earnings per share (EPS). On the income statement, you can see that the deductions taken from EBIT to get to EPS include interest, taxes, and preferred dividends. Taxes are clearly variable, rising and falling with the firm’s profits, but interest expense and preferred dividends are usually fixed. When these fixed items are large (that is, when the firm has a lot of financial leverage), small changes in EBIT prod uce larger changes in EPS.Total leverage is the combined effect of operating and financial leverage. It is concerned with the relationship between the firm’s sales revenue and EPS. 3. 9 Beta Analysis of P? nar Sut 3. 10 Additional Information on financial Instruments a) Financial highlights: (TL million)| 2011| 2010| % change| Total assets| 532. 6| 479. 0| 11. 2| Shareholders’ equity| 384. 8| 350. 2| 9. 9| Financial liabilities| 15. 0| 20. 0| -25. 0| Sales revenues| 577. 1| 480. 7| 20. 1| Profit before taxation on income| 71. 4| 71. 2| 0. 3| Net period profit| 60. 1| 57. 8| 4. 0|Earnings per share (TL)| 1. 3365| 1. 2863| 3. 9| b) Financial ratios | 2011| 2010| Total liabilities/Total assets (%)| 27. 75| 26. 88| Total liabilities/Shareholders’ equity (%)| 38. 41| 36. 77| Return on sales (%)| 10. 41| 12. 03| Current assets/Current liabilities| 1. 92| 2. 17| Equity turnover ratio| 1. 50| 1. 37| Net financing costs/Net sales (%)| 0. 67| 0. 94| Net financing costs/Sh areholders’ equity (%)| 1. 00| 1. 29| c) Revenue & Net Income The tables gives us a brief information related to revenue and net income of P? nar Sut. Appendix i) ii) ReferencesFood Industry Report 2011 GITMAN Lawrence, ZUTTER Chad, Principles of Managerial Finance http://seekingalpha. com/article/427611-ulker-remains-one-of-our-best-ideas http://uk. reuters. com/business/quotes/financialHighlights? symbol=. IS http://www. valuebasedmanagement. net/methods_wacc. html http://www. ulker. com. tr/en/financial-statements. htm http://www. 4-traders. com/PINAR-SUT-MAMULLERI-SANAY-6495545/financials/ http://markets. ft. com/Research/Markets/Tearsheets/Financials? s=PNSUT:IST http://www. pinar. com. tr/ Ulker 2011 Annual Report P? nar Sut 2011 Annual Report